Sunday 29 July 2012

Choices

We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Choices even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Choices in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.



Making choices are a valuable thing in your life. They allow you to choice what you want to do. Influences are also important. If you see someone you look up to doing something you are more likely to do that same, because you think its cool. When you make a decision you are usually given choices. Without choices there would not be decisions. Then life would be so much easier. You should always make good decision in your life and stay around people who make good choices because if you fall with the wrong crowd then you might end up making poor choices that can cost you your life.

In the short story The Censors Juan made a choice I do not agree with. He decided that he would want to become censors. He wanted to read letters that people wrote and censor them. He wrote a letter to a girl name Mariana and he was talking bad about the government. That is against the law were he is. No one is to talk bad about the government. He got so wrapped up in his work that finally when he got her letter, he censored it. There were antigovernment sentences in it, which is against the law. The government went and killed both of them. Making bad choices may end up causing people to end their life.

In conclusion people need to start making better decisions in there. So make good decisions in your life if you want to live life to the fullest.






Mind that the sample papers like Choices presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!

AdvertisingLevi Type 1 Jeans

We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like AdvertisingLevi Type 1 Jeans even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like AdvertisingLevi Type 1 Jeans in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.



1) Introduction to the brand and a brief description. Who makes the product? Why is it successful? What message is the manufacturer trying to communicate to the target audience?

“Levi Strauss was a visionary businessman who believed in simple and enduring ideas, such as quality and integrity.” In 185 Levi Strauss arrived on the shores of booming San Francisco and founded a company which would later become one of the worlds leading branded organisations, marketing its products in more than one hundred companies world wide. Since its founding Levi Strauss has sold more than .5 billion pairs of jeans and was described by Times magazines millennium issue as the best fashion of the 0th Century beating out the mini skirt and the little black dress.

The company’s pivotal moment came when the idea of putting rivets at the points of strain on the pants, such as on the pocket corner and at the base of the button fly. Once the patent was in place the product was brought to life through mass production. Within time all working men were buying the innovative new pants and spreading the word of its unrivalled durability.

Phil Marineau was the president and chief executive officer of Levi Strauss & Co was quoted as saying,




“Levi Jeans have been virtually worn by everyone, from the cowboys who forged the American West to the young people who tore down the Berlin Wall. Generations of people have worn Levis as a symbol of freedom, individuality and fun. This is why the brand has stood the test of time and is so appealing to today to consumers of all ages in more that 100 countries world wide.”

Originality is at the core of Levi Strauss. A pioneering spirit that started with the invention of blue jeans and permeates through the business. This year Levi Strauss has inspired a new denim line of clothing, Levi Type1 Jeans, which is the particular product covered in this report.

Although time has passed and needs have changed the essence of Levi Jeans has remained the same. Grounded in the past but re�invented, this new innovation demonstrates the boldness, the strength and the true iconic style, which still lives on in Levis. Type1 Jeans are designed for the determined and uncompromising person, the new pioneers.

After 150 years in business, Levi Type1 jeans are a celebration of the rich heritage, amplifying everything that makes Levis bolder and stronger. Echoing and intensifying the iconic trade marks that have become synonymous with Levi Jeans the deep indigo colouring, exaggerated button, striking rivets, brighter stitching and enlarged button loops.

“Levi Type1 Jeans are sexy and streetwise, this is a radical new take on a timeless style.” (Type1 website)

Branding and Levi Strauss

Branding is about making choices, helping you protect who you are or more importantly who you want to be. So brands are just a way of short cutting your, not only decision making, but also helping you define your identity.” (Chris Nhurko brand expert). Levi Jeans has two particular trademarks, which are synonymous with its name creating a unique and distinct identity

1. The distinct double arc of stitching � known as the arcuate stitching design � has adorned the back pockets of Levi Jeans since their inception and is one of the oldster apparel trademarks still in use today. This stitching represents the durability and strength of the Levi product.

. Secondly, the red tab which is evident on every pair of Levi jeans. This is the Levi trademark symbol and is used to distinguish Levis from imitations and competitors.

There are 4 different strategies, which you can approach branding with

· Corporate

· Family umbrella

· Range branding

· Individual branding

Levi falls under the corporate banner because the Levi name is the most prominent feature of the products. It is not know financially how much the Levi brand is worth but Joe Middleton, the European President of the company states “Our brand is our most important asset. It’s more valuable than our factories, our buildings, our warehouses and inventory.” (www.bbc.co.uk) Levi jeans leads the denim market (key not bulletin), which makes it easier to launch new products using the company name. This doe have certain risks such as if the product fails it could damage the brand as a whole.

The following characteristics makes the Levi Type 1 jeans unique

1. Enlarged buttons

. Enlarge button loops

. Deep indigo colouring

4. Bright arcuate stitching

5. Striking rivets

The unique selling points aim to create a bold and striking new product. Which is why they adopted a “Bold New Breed.” This new product sets out to amplify the synonymous iconic features turning them into a bold pair of Levi Type 1 Jeans

) What is the Latest advertising used? Consider ads from the same campaign but using different media in this section.

This form of advertising is known as above the line promotions, which is advertising placed in paid for media, such as the press, radio, TV and cinema. The ‘line’ is one in an advertising agency’s accounts, above which are shown its earnings on a commission basis, form the buying of media space from clients.

The purpose of advertising is to

q Create awareness

q Increase sales

q Display a product image and create associations

q Inform people about products

q Remind people about the product

q Encourage trial

q Modify attitudes

For the two different types of advertising media used by Levi Type 1 Jeans I have selected magazines and television. The Levis Type 1 advertising campaign is part of an integrated campaign including posters, and print, digital and retail, TV and cinema. The multi million pound campaign is the most expensive yet � although the company is refusing to disclose its exact cost. The catch phrase through out the campaign is “A Bold New Breed” and the defining elements which make this product unique are displayed vividly the deep indigo denim, and exaggerated buttons, rivets, stitching, actuate red tab and patch icons.

TV

The commercial is shot in Sunset Boulevard, which shows a “Bold New Breed” of Mice hybrids turning the tables on their natural predator - the cat, by kidnapping it. The mice issue a ransom demand to its owner who has to hand over bundles of cash to get her beloved pet back.

Actual real life mice were screen tested for the mice hybrid parts. They were ultimately selected if their characteristics were similar to that of the human models. The head actions of the mice were achieved by tempting them with honey sticks and the mice were even groomed before their close ups. The human bodies were used so that the sexiness of the jeans could be retained.

The background music also is used to support the overall idea of the advert. It is entitled “Payback Time” and is quite a fitting choice due to the underlying theme of revenge and rebellion which is prevalent in the advert.

Television is a useful advertising tool to use and with the growth of digital Television it looks set to improve even more. The way was cleared for digital television to go ahead by the broadcasting act 16 and sine then the market has grown quite considerably. A communications agency has predicted by 005 55% of the population of the UK will have access to digital TV.

Levis has in the past benefited greatly from advertising on TV (The 185 advert featuring Nick Karmen stripping down to his boxer shorts was credited by boosting sale by 800%) (www.levi.com) and as the market continues to grow they will be able to get their message across to a wider audience.

Advantages Disadvantages

- Reach large audience - Most expensive of all media

With single exposure

- Allows for high degree of - High production costs

Creativity

- Allows demonstrations - Lack of selectivity

- Flexibility as to scheduling - Long lead times for booking

And production

Magazines

Through the use of magazine advertising Levis has set about distilling the product down to its defining elements, highlighting the features that make this product distinctive

· The enhanced stitching

· The indigo backdrop

· Enlarged belt loops and pockets

They have still however, been careful to retain the sexiness of the human form.

The ABC Advertising Association has just said that while readership of newspapers is in decline magazine readership continues to grow, 80% of UK adults read consumer magazines and Heat magazine grew by nearly 00,000 actively purchased copies year on year. (Which is where this example is from)

The Periodicals Publishers Association had published these statistics

· Circulation has increased by 11m or .4 percent

· Consumers spend £605 million more each year on magazines

· The number of consumer magazines has increased by 5% since 1

With these facts and figures it can be said that it would be wise to advertise in magazines. Apart from it being cheaper than advertising on TV and the growth rate of the market it is also easier to target your audience. For example Levi advertises in Heat, which is read by mainly 18 � 0 year olds and is the target market Levi aims for.

Advantages Disadvantages

- High circulation - High costs of production

- High quality of reproduction - Long lead times

- Potential high prestige

- Reader motivation

Hierarchy of effects

Ranges of models have been developed that propose a sequence of response that occurs as a result of a message being received by the audience. The principle that underlies these models is that promotions act as a stimulus which gives rise to a “conditioned response”. These models suggest that effective communication must carry its audience through the sequence of responses, hence its term ‘hierarchy of effects’.

The models have many weaknesses, the most significant being their simplification of a complex psychological and behavioural process. The audience is seen as a passive recipient of messages as opposed to an active seeker and participant in the communication process. Consumer research has shown that many consumers set pre-determined parameters within which a purpose decision might be made, such as price range and style of product.

The model, which will be used to demonstrate the launching of the Levi Type 1 Jeans, will be demonstrated through the Aida Model

ATTENTION - through its unique advertising campaign Levi Type 1 Jeans should capture the attention of the consumer.

INTEREST - once the attention gained, the information and product displayed should serve to interest the consumer.

DESIRE - the product needs to be displayed in such a way so that once interest has been achieved the advert needs to provoke a desire to purchase the new Levi Type 1 Jeans.

ACTION - finally once all these stages have been passed, it is the ultimate goal for the actual products to be purchased, hence, action.

The agency used by the manufacturer to promote the brand. Include a background of the agency, any other products they promote and their role in the advertising process of your selected brand.

Leadership

Nigel Bogle, CEO

JohnHegarty, chairman & creative director

Simon Sherwood, group managing director

Sovereigns Publishing Limited has described Bartle, Bogle and Hegarty as “one of those unusual agencies. Renowned for its creativity � it has consistently outflanked its rivals at Cannes and other festival � it has an approach to developing international campaigns that is virtually unique.” BBH is credited with winning the Queens Award for Export in 16 and 17 � the only ad agency to ever achieve this � and has continually shown to a conservative advertising world that international, unifying advertising solutions are frequently best produced in one place and in 001 Marketing Magazine (UK) named BBH its “Agency of the Year.

BBH has always based its structures and processes around one primary objective to ensure the very best strongest creative ideas for their clients. The agency operates through offices in London, New York City, Singapore and Tokyo offering local and global ad services to its clients. BBH -- which was founded in 18 by John Bartle, Nigel Bogle, and John Hegarty -- is 4% owned by the advertising conglomerate Leo Burnett. Advertising Age rank the agency as the # ad organisation worldwide in 001, with estimated gross income of $74m on billings of $581m.

BBH aims to create for their clients and to lead in creating shared noise and interest around brands, to make them more valuable. Very simply BBH is the fame factory.

Ever since it’s founding in 18 BBH has been making Levi Jeans a “gotta have” fashion. Levis were on of their founding clients and this year they celebrate working together to create truly famous advertising which has helped to build one of the best known global brands and a denim market leader worldwide.

In the early 80’s Levis was in a denim market that had no clear brand leadership, sales had peaked in 181but were now in decline. The challenge to BBH was how to present the Levi 501 brand as a cool and desirable product and to drive sales. In order to do this they decided to capture the enduring values of youth

· Sex

· Rebellion

· Freedom

· Individuality

And Levis was catapulted into super stardom as the product and its advertising campaign, thanks to BBH, became a smash hit and created enormous and long lasting fame for the brand. The campaign started an immediate brand turn both in image and in sales, and in the ten years following the 185 airing Levis volume of sales increased by 80%

Beliefs

1. The power of creativity and the primacy of the idea

. Encouraging ideas from any source

. The right of everyone to be listened to

4. The fundamental importance of effectiveness and accountability

5. Processes that liberate creativity

6. Client relationships that encourage equal status, allowing best advice

7. An organisation without politics

8. Providing opportunity, stimulation and consideration to all who work with us

. The need for honesty decency and integrity in al that we do

10. The obligations these beliefs place upon us

Major Clients

§ Audi

§ Diageo

§ Electrolux

§ Interbrew

§ Whitbread

§ Polaroid

§ Sony Ericsson

§ Unilever

§ X-box

§ Johnnie Walker

Details of at least below the line techniques used by the manufacturer to promote the brand

Definition

“The planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain goodwill and understanding between an organisation and its publics.” (Institute of Public Relations)

Mechanisms

· Press releases

· Publicity

· Product or service literature

· Product placement

· Promotional videos

· Exhibitions and shows

· Sports and art sponsorship

Publicity � generating editorial coverage

When Levi Strauss died the San Francisco bulletin headline read “Levi Strauss, merchant, philanthropist, dies peacefully at his home.” Levi gave blue jeans to the world, but also exemplified leadership in business ethics and social responsibility.

Levi Strauss has generated a great deal of positive publicity through its fight against AIDS campaign. In 18 Levi Strauss became the first corporation to tackle the emerging issue of HIV/AIDS. Since that time, the company has been a leader in organising the corporate world in the fight against HIV/AIDS. Numerous organisations have recognised the company for its leadership and in 187 The New York Times wrote “Levi Strauss, the jean maker long known for its unusual commitment to employees, and for its philanthropic activities, is considered a leader in the AIDS movement.” The Levi Strauss foundation has made more than $5 million in grants for HIV/AIDS care and prevention in the last two decades. This sort of publicity enables the company to be seen more positively in the minds of people.

Press Releases � damage control

If a company is going through a crisis a press release is released which will counter the crisis which is taking place. A press release, however, is not always about damage control it can also be about new developments the company is about to embark upon, for example, a merger or a launch of a new product.

A recent press release which Levi Strauss has just issued is the exciting new launch of its website as well as the launching of a new type of Jean (see appendix). With the supermarkets battling it out to sell Levi Jeans cheaply the company countered this with manufacturing a new type of jean which can be sold cheaply and thus not affecting the prestigious images which are synonymous with the product.

Websites

Most companies of any size now have a site on the Internet and Levi is no exception. As a celebrations of its 150 year old heritage the company has just unveiled a ground breaking website which “brings to the forefront the very soul of the Levi brand and kick starts a new generation of website”. (Press Release, see appendix)

A website is a collection of screens providing information in text and graphic form, any of which can be viewed simply by clicking the appropriate button, word or image on the screen. The user generally starts at the sites home page which sets out the contents of the site. Besides the improved central navigation bar the website offers not only brand information for 8 European markets, available in five different languages (English, German, French, Spanish, and Italian) but also three ways to experience the Levi brand online

- Historical timeline which guides the user through the history of the Levi brand

- A rational experience which allows the user to navigate the content in a classic, organised way

- A random experience where the content appears randomly onto the screen

This new approach renders the site “dynamic, flexible and scalable. It creates an organic, living site rooted in the Levis brand ethos of individuality, freedom rebelliousness and pioneering edge.” (www.levistrauss.com)

The Levi website was designed by Lateral, the brand digital marketing agency. The aim is to offer a true cutting edge platform for the brand without pop ups and multiple sub sites. The designers used the catch line “make them your own” to personalise the sight according to preferences so now each time an individual logs on he will receive a totally specific and unique experience, ensuring that the site is attractive, easy to use and appealing to return to.

The Internet is reckoned to be currently the fastest growing communications medium in Britain. It is thought hat use is growing at between 10% and 15% per month. Recent research has suggested that by the end of 001 m people will have access to the Internet through work or home. The figure accounts for almost half the UK population so that is why Levi saw fit to create such an innovative website. (see appendix for print out of front page)

“I am really proud that at the same time we are celebrating the 150th anniversary of Levi Strauss & Co. and the 10 year old heritage of the Levi brand we are able to challenge ourselves more than ever and push the boundaries to offer our consumers relevant product, look and communication innovation.” (Kenny Wilson, Brand president)

Levis has realised that the internet is an important communication device, especially in the day and age and have hence designed a sate of the art Internet experience in the form of their website, ensuring an informative, easy to use interactive experience. This enables the company to portray its ethos in an accessible as well as practical way.

Sales Promotion

The Institute of Sales Promotion (ISP) defines sales promotion as “a range to tactical marketing techniques, designed with in a strategic marketing framework, to add value to a product or service, in order to achieve a specific sales and marketing objective.”

Objectives

Increase awareness and interest amongst target audiences

Achieve a switch in buying behaviour from competitor brands to your company’s brand

Incentivise consumers to make forward purchase of your brand, thus shutting out competitor purchase opportunities

Increase brand display allocated to your store

Smooth seasonal dips in demand for our product

Generate a consumer database from mail in applicants

A current sales promotion which Levi Strauss is undertaking is through the use of a “Student Snapfax” which is a magnetic booklet which is supplied to students in 17 different cities nationwide with pages of student discounts in a variety of different stores. In order to demonstrate how effective this sales promotion is I undertook a survey firstly to see how many people used their Snapfax and then of those people who used their Snapfax how many actually used it to shop at The Levi Store.



8% Used 51% used it once in Levi Store

5% Never used it 10% used it more than once

6% lost it % never used it in a Levi Store

So potentially 68 people out of 100 at universities who have access to the Snapfax shop at the Levi store making use of the sales promotion. So it can be said that the Sales Promotion is a success due to the numbers who make use of it. It is quite apt for the Levi Company to advertise in the Snapfax due to their target audience being in the 18 � 0 year old range.

Conclusion

The integrated advertising campaign which Levi Strauss has launched has been, in my opinion and a number of people I have spoken to, been very effective. The television advert due to its uniqueness is quite attention grabbing and definitely arouses interest due to the unusual concept of mice hybrids. The magazine advert is very clear and simple and distils the product down to its defining elements. The unique selling points are displayed in a vivid and simple way. The website is very clear in indicating where products can be purchased, not only in a specific country but a specific continent too. The Levi Type 1 integrated advertising campaign is very clear in identifying the brand and organisation leaving no room for obscurity. The advertising campaign is also acceptable to a range of stakeholder audiences and won’t offend anyone.

As a recommendation I feel that the website should be made more accessible when I went to browse it on my computer it had to have a specific programme downloaded in order for the web page to run. This may be off putting for a prospective customer who can’t be bothered to download the programme needed in order to browse the Levi web site.

The television advert, although unusual, should not use the mice hybrids as many people found them quite off putting. Most people whom I spoke with decided that they were not a wise option and should not be used. They were described as “too weird.” A point to mention though is that everyone who watched the advert once remembered the hybrids, although not positively, they were successful in recalling the advert to people’s minds.

I think another recommendation should be that Levi Strauss should make the television advert less busy. There is so much going at once that no one really understands the message. It is not altogether clear and only after watching it a few times does the message come across clearly. The telephone call has no meaning to some people and then only at the end to people understand the kidnapping and ransom story. The fact that everyone is wearing Levi clothes too should be played on. There are people wearing new Type 1 mini skirts but no one realises this due to the speed and sometimes obscure approach which is used in shooting the advert.



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Friday 27 July 2012

emma and clueless

We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like emma and clueless even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like emma and clueless in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.



Clueless is a fantastic contemporary text based on the early 1800s version of Emma by Jane Austen. The two texts have many similarities that prove the adaptation, but have both been changed in order to reflect the new values inherent by their different cultural contexts.

Clueless uses many similar characters and the same basic storyline to retell the classic. However, there is one major difference between the two taxts. Many critiques have stated that Austens Emma was a feminist text, that reflected the views of only a minority at that point in time. Clueless is believed to be quite the opposite.

Said to be modern and true-to-life, Clueless tells the story of a naive girl, who believes that her popularity and place in society will get her cleanly through life. Viewers are shocked at the major differences between the texts, and the ways in which society has evolved. They are awed at how far society has come. I laugh in the face of these mislead imbosils. In fact, Clueless forces women to take a step backwards! The film concludes with Dionnne, Cher and Tai (along with other females) fighting for the bouquet and Miss Geists wedding. These girls hurry to the fight when told that they may miss the throwing, hence proving the olden day belief that women need men to complete their lives. If this film truly reflected the contemporary liberated woman, it would conclude with Cher coming to terms with her faults, but working on them to live a gratifying life as a single woman of the world.

Although the varying media forces viewers to respond to the texts differently, the same message is still brought through... women always have, and always will need men!




Clueless is an excellent transformation of Austens classic Emma as it sucessfully adapts the same values, ideals and themes of the earlier cultural context (although, without taking into mind, the way in which society has changed.)



Mind that the sample papers like emma and clueless presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!

Wednesday 25 July 2012

An Experience in my Life

We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like An Experience in my Life even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like An Experience in my Life in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.



My parents got divorced when I was in elventh grade. My brothers were fourteen and eleven and I was sixteen. Even though the mess ended two years ago, it was long before then that I began. On the day of my fourteenth birthday, my parents announced their divorce. They sat us all in the family room and said we needed to talk. I had a million things running through my head, since two days before this my mom announced she had breast cancer. Was she going to die? Have surgery? Or were we just going to get in trouble for not cleaning our rooms? Whatever it was was important because my brothers were called home from their friend’s houses. As I sat on the chair waiting for my brothers, I could hear my parents whispering in the kitchen, until Tommy and Nicholas came storming through the door mad about their interrupted playtime. The boys, Johnny being only twelve and Nicholas only nine sat in front of the television and turned on cartoons. My dad quickly turned it off and the boys came and sat by me on the chair. My parents, on separate couches, began to say something but I could tell they were lacking the words to say it. After a few incomplete sentences, my parents began to argue and my dad asked if we wanted to go to McDonalds. We all confused but excitedly, piled into the van and my mom left for work. We pulled out of our sub and quickly into the church across the street. The parking lot was completely empty and my dad pulled into a spot somewhere in the middle. He pulled a large manila envelope out from his briefcase and simply said that him and my mom were getting a divorce. Tommy immediately started to cry, and we drove back home without any McDonalds.

At home, that day was not the same. I think Nicholas was too little to understand,

and I didn’t really care. My parents have fought for almost all of my life and it really did not mean anything to me yet. Tommy on the other hand was miserable. He knew what

the word divorce meant, and he did not like it in the least. Mom and dad not living together, switching houses every week and a lot more arguing. He took it the hardest out of all of us, but I have to say that the two years following were the hardest years of my life. My parents, without a reasonable explanation, still lived together. My mom eventually moved her bedroom to the den and it stayed that way until September of 001 when the divorce was finalized and we moved out.




Even though we only moved a mile and a half away, at least it was next door. The custody arrangement required that we switch houses every Friday. At first I thought it was cool, because just like every other family in Shelby Township, ours was divorced too. However now I have realized that it is a huge pain to move my things back and forth from house to house every weekend. Even though I hated moving I love where we moved and still do. I am the happiest now than I have been in the past four years. Not because of my living situation, but because of my boyfriend of two years that lives across the street from me, and all of my close friends. Neither of my houses, I consider, a loving environment and I know now that as soon as I walk out the door I am in one. My friends and boyfriend support all the time and the love me because they want to, not because they have to.

The love from my boyfriend Dan and my friends has kept me going for the last couple years. For these reasons my life has been forever changed. I hope it continues to stay this way for a long time to come and maybe even get better. This has been an event to remember for a lifetime, because of the great learning experience it has been.



Mind that the sample papers like An Experience in my Life presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!

Friday 13 July 2012

Fame, Fate and Destiny

We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Fame, Fate and Destiny even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Fame, Fate and Destiny in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.





Fame, Fate and Destiny

In the epic Beowulf, translated by Burton Raffel, Beowulf was an epic hero who was confronted by violence, evil and death to save Danish people in mortal danger. Beowulf is glorified by his work, which illustrated physical strength, values and efficient ideas to better the Denmark society. Beowulf, while on his quest to rescue King Hrothgar from the demonic monster, Grendel, demonstrated fame, fate and destiny.

Fame is widespread recognition as a heroic person from past events, which are successfully controlled, yet remembered and cherished. Beowulf had a reputation from his great values and heroic ideals. King Hrothgar believed Beowulf could defeat Grendel because he was a victorious warrior. “So Grendel ruled, fought with the righteous, one against many, and won; so Herot stood empty, and stood deserted for years, twelve winters of grief for Hrothgar, king of the Danes, sorrow heaped at his door by hell-forged hand.” (Raffel 5-64) The man-eating monster terrified the people of Denmark and thought Grendel could not be defeated. Beowulf was highly recognized from the outcome of the battle with Grendel. Beowulf received fame from defeating the beast and hung the monstrous arm on the rafters so all could see. The people of Denmark respected Beowulf. In the final battle, Beowulf and Wiglaf, a chosen Geat warrior by Beowulf, killed the dragon while the other soldiers did not aid the king. Beowulf was badly injured and asked Wiglaf to see the treasures in the dragon’s lair. Beowulf felt as though




Bozeman

sacrificed his own life for his people, battling for golden treasures. Beowulf wanted to be known after death for his heroic deeds.

Have the brave Geats build a tomb, when the funeral flames have burned me, and build it here, at the water’s edge, high on this spit of land, so sailors can see this tower, and remember my name, and call it Beowulf’s tower, and boats in the darkness and mist, crossing the sea, will know it. (Raffel 80-816)

Beowulf showed fame by wishing to receive recognition from sailors who passed the exact spot where the battle took place. Ashes and the dragon` s treasures were placed in Beowulf’s burial tower by the sea, where the great warrior would be remembered. “ So fame comes to men who mean to win it and care about nothing else!”(Raffel 610-61)

Another element that was considered in Beowulf was fate. Fate is the agency by which events are inevitably predetermined. Fate was ordained to happen. In Unferth`s challenge, Beowulf was attacked by sea creatures, yet was saved from death.

These shining bits of metal woven across my breast, saved me from death. A monster seized me, drew me swiftly toward the bottom, swimming with its claws tight in my flesh. But fate let me find its heart with my sword. (Raffel 84-8)

Beowulf was saved by fate because his soul was not destined to leave earth. The metal on Beowulf’s chest kept him alive. “Fate saves the living when they drive away death by themselves!” (Raffel 05-06) Beowulf’s life was predestined. Beowulf defeated nine sea creatures and lived to see another day.

Destiny is the outcome of predetermined events by the power of agency. Destiny comes full circle with an outcome. Beowulf reaches his destinations from closure of another path and

Bozeman

started a new beginning. “He knew the sea, would point the prow straight to that Danish shore….” (Raffel 1-14) Beowulf was supposed to sail to Denmark to aid King Hrothgar. Destiny led Beowulf to Denmark, which started a new outset from the omens, and Geats in Sweden. Throughout Beowulf, Beowulf was known as the Geats great Prince. Over the years, Beowulf became king of the Geats. “King and his greatness, his glory, praising him for heroic deeds, for a life as noble as his name.” (Raffel 8-84) Beowulf sacrificed life for greatness, recognition and respect as a Geat warrior. People began to follow Beowulf, once worthiness was proven. After ending successful voyages over time, Beowulf started a new path as king, which led to his final destination after the last battle, death. Beowulf died as the greatest king whose personality was open to the people of Denmark who would come to praise him.

Fame, fate and destiny were all key elements in the epic, Beowulf. Beowulf began and ended a great Geat warrior well known for his heroic actions. Beowulf reached his destination through fame and fate. Fate drove Beowulf to become famous which led him to his destiny of the greatest king ever. Beowulf considered other peoples` well being instead of his own. Even after Beowulf’s death, people praised, cherished and would forever remember the bravest Geat warrior.



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First they killed my father

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First They Killed My Father

The Ung Family

1) Loung feels she is middle class because she lives on an above ground apartment, and tells us that the higher above the ground you live the wealthier you are as, if you live on the ground floor the dirt gets inside. Many of Loungs friends live in only or 4 bedroom homes for a family of 10. Loung also has a flushing toilet, iron bathtub and running water in her apartment. In the story Loung tells us that, aside from money and possessions, middle-class families have a lot more leisure time. Loungs family are fortunate enough to have a maid that comes everyday to do the laundry, cooking and cleaning while Loungs Pa is at work. Loung knows that she is not poor as on her walks to school she notices children her age selling trinkets, they are not fortunate enough attend school.

) Loung is extremely well educated in that Loung is very aware of the way of life that other children and families in Phnom Penh have.




) Sentences that describe in detail the way of life in Phnom Penh

I watch with fascination as children with oily black hair, wearing old dirty clothes run up to our cyclo in their bare feet.

Indoors where the temperature is usually ten degrees cooler, well-groomed girls in starched shirts and pleated skirts perch on tall stools behind glass stalls displaying gold and silver jewelry.

Under the bright green and blue plastic tents vendors sell everything from fabrics with stripes, paisley and flowers to books in Chinese, Khmer, English and French.

4) After reading pages 10-1 we learn that Loungs Pa is not home during the day, has a good job earning a comfortable amount of money and, sits with Loung on their balcony of an evening.

5) Meng (eldest brother) like Pa he is very soft-spoken, gentle and giving.

Meng and Khouy While Meng is the brother we look up to, Khouy is the brother we fear.

Khouy (second eldest at 16) Even though hes never carried out his threats to hit us, we all fear him and always do what he says.

Kear (eldest sister at 14) Kear has the miss-fortune to like to gossip and argue too much.

Kim (elder brother at 8) Watches a lot of martial arts movies and always annoys us with his imitations of the monkey’s style.

I used to think he was weird but having met other girls with older brothers his age I realize that they are all the same.

Chou (older sister at 8) Complete opposite of me

Her name means gem in Chinese

At eight she is quite shy and obedient.

Geak (younger sister at ) In Chinese Geak means jade, the most precious and loved of all gems to Asians

She is beautiful and everything she does is adorable, including the way she drools





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English Studies – That Eye, the Sky

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‘A text can show that adversity makes people care more for themselves than for others.’ To what extent is this statement true for the novel?

Selfishness is a common trait amongst mankind � whether outwardly visible or not. Appearances can be deceiving; even the most seemingly selfless people often act as they do solely for personal gain, albeit if only for the satisfaction of helping someone out. Sometimes I speculate over the source of this; is it merely human nature or does our natural instinct for survival manifest itself through adversity? In the novel ‘That Eye, the Sky’ Tim Winton expresses his opinion on the subject. However as those who ponder over the matter soon discover, there is no simple black or white answer. Consequently I can only comment on the extent to which the statement ‘adversity makes people care more for themselves than for others’ applies to the novel.

Tegwyn’s actions are extremely selfish and her disregard for everyone but herself is obvious throughout the novel. Although it was never stated, Tim Winton implies that her rough, angry manner was born from pain produced by insecurity. As a result, the reader often responds to her sympathetically despite her behaviour. In herself she is not a bad person and this is shown through lapses in her brutal conduct. For example when she gathers flowers and arranges them over Sam we see a softer, loving side of her. Tegwyn is a simmering cauldron of conflicting and consequently damaging emotions even before her father’s accident. It appears to me that the hardship that followed was not the cause of her selfishness, but rather, the event that made the cauldron erupt and spill over. In Sam’s absence the family needed her so in her failure to help, her self-centredness became apparent. Therefore, the answer we are seeking lies in her behaviour preceding the accident.

As previously discussed, Tegwyn’s insecurity seems to be the source of her selfishness. Taking this into account, the real question is whether or not insecurity is an adversity. In my opinion insecurity in itself is not an adversity although, subsequent events may result in hardship. Hence insecurity inadvertently leads to adversity per se. Accordingly, Tim Winton seems to concur with the statement in this discussion. However if we look instead at Ort, we see a different view. Very rarely throughout the book do we see Ort doing anything that diverges with the desires of anyone else. He seems to be content with conceding to others’ wishes. The few exceptions are caused by ignorance or choosing between two conflicting sides. For example when he fights with Fat he decides to defend his family, thus following their wishes.




It is possible to argue that Ort is so compliant because he is a pacifist and simply wants to keep the peace. That would mean that his behaviour is for his own benefit and comfort rather than that of others. However what action is not based on a person’s own desire? Even a person who donates money to charity does so of their own freewill for the gratifying feeling of generosity or usefulness that it brings. Look at Henry for example. He came to the Flack family with an offer of aid and for a time, he did indeed help them. His value is acknowledged when Ort comments on how difficult it is to move Sam without Henry’s assistance when he is away or ill. Nevertheless Winton implied that Henry served them in an attempt at redemption to relieve him from the guilt of his prior actions, and thus, for his own sake. This is made obvious when he says to Sam “…I want to heal you, Sam Flack. You will save me, Sam. Your healing will heal me…” The fact that everyone exercises this form of self-gratification dilutes the argument thus, causing us to discount it as invalid.

Another argument is that Ort is not quite ‘right’ in the head and thus we cannot include him in our reasoning. To counter this we will simply introduce another character for consideration Alice.

Alice can be described as honest, blunt, determined and perhaps a little dull. Her family (of which she is fiercely protective) is her highest priority. Sam’s unfortunate accident is a catalyst that threatens to tear her family apart. Winton makes it clear that she feels hopeless. An illustration of this is when she gets extremely angry at Henry and says “…Are you gunna fix him up? What right have you got?” as it is uncharacteristic of her to have a short temper and thus, shows her immense distress. However she struggles on despite the difficulty. Her love seems to be unconditional as only a parent’s can be especially in regard to Tegwyn. For example when they are in the middle of an argument she gives her a hug and tells her that she loves her. Alice pours herself entirely into her family. In this matter the hardship has no effect except perhaps to enhance her efforts. However in her attempt to hold her family together, the opportunity to help those outside it is disintegrated and those she viewed as detrimental to her family’s well being were attacked without any attempt at understanding (eg The Cherry family). Therefore the statement is true to some measure concerning Alice.



There are many other characters to take into account however I believe we have covered a sufficient range to form a decision. Considering all aspects, it is impossible to come to any conclusive judgment but by eliminating some arguments, we have managed to reach a more decisive answer. Over this deliberation we have discovered that to some extent the statement does apply to the novel. Yet, the interpretation of the degree of its accuracy varies for each individual, as we are just that � individual � and thus, unique in our responses.



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english essay for the scrlet letter

We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like english essay for the scrlet letter even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like english essay for the scrlet letter in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.



Kyle Peet

Essay Test

Symbols are used in many works of literature in the book, the scarlet letter; there are many symbols that are used in connections with themes of the novel. The author Nathaniel Hawthorne knows how to connect these symbols to the themes very well.

The author connects theese themes to the novel in many ways. There are few major themes in the novel such as, sin, guilt, love, and revenge. He connects e symbols to the themes of the novel in more than one way. He makes it easy for the reader to relate the themes to the novel. He also makes it easy to understand the meanings of the symbols that he uses to relate to the themes. He directs our thinking to the themes when we think of the symbols and he does this very well.




Two symbols in the novel are the forest, and pearl. These symbols can relate to the themes of the novel in many ways.The orest relates to a few themes of the book,such as sin,love,and revenge. It relates to sin in that it is a place were sin takes place,it relates to love in that it is the place were hester conveyed her love to dimesdale, and it also relates to revenge in that it is the place were final revnge was sought in hetres opinion, on chillingworht becausenow she could finally get away. The other symbol , is pearl . pearl is the basis for all of the themes in the novel ,she relates to them all . pearl relates to the theme of sin ,wich is one of the main themes in the novel, she does this by being conceived wich is against the law so it is sin . she relates to guilt in that dimesdale is feelsguilt for seven years from what he has done. She also relates to love in that it is love wich brought her mother and father together. And in a sense she relates to revenge in that hester sought revenge for her husband leaving her,but also it is a relation ot chillingworth seeking revenge on who ever created pearl with hester.

The uses and porposes of the first symbol are not very simple. The forest is a very complexed place,it is a ceneter for witchcraft and hatered it symbolizez hate and satan. The forest is not a place for play or joy. But the forest is the place were hester and dimesdale plan their escape . this is what makes it a nice place. It was said that pearl was comfortable in the forest . pearl was a creation o fsin so the fact that she is comfortable in the forest is not suprising. It is said thaty the forest is a horrible place but it is also a place were happiness can be achieved.

The other symbol is Pearl, she has many purposes in this novel. She is the basis for all that is good , and all that is bad int his novel. Pearl was conceived in sin but at the same time conceived in love, that love being hester and dimesdale. She also symbolizes al that is good in hesters life. She does this in being her daughter and always being there. Pearl is a rebellious child she is rebellious because her mother is also a rebel in this perfect puritan society that frowns apon being imperfect in a puritan mind. Pearl represents what is good and what is bad she is the main symbol in the novel because she is connested to all of themes in many ways this makes her unique . she is the main symbol for so much and the novel would not be the same if theses connections wree not true.

In every novel ,or story there are many symbols used. The only true proper meanings of these symbols are brought out in the writing of a good novel; Hawthorne brought out the true meanings of the symbols in this novel and connected them to the themes in a very articulate way. He is a truly amazing author, and couldn’t have written a better book.



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Comparison/contrast: Ferlinghetti and Snyder

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The Two Poets Ferlinghetti and Snyder



The Beat movement, a reaction to society by a generation that perceived itself as helpless and expressed a need for individualism despite a conformity in society, had a significant impact on two poets, Ferlinghetti and Snyder. Raised and educated during the World War II and the following Depression period, they wrote poems about their unique views and attitudes toward life. Lawrence Ferlinghetti¡¯s The Pennycandystore Beyond the El and Gary Snyder¡¯s Mid-August at Sourdough Mountain Lookout illustrate how they were influenced by the Beat movement, and how does it affect their poetic styles in term of recent American poetry, which pays special attention to voice, visual images, and place. Although there are many differences between their poetic styles, they both have a common factor that moved them as a poet the unique perspective of life.

There are many differences between these two poets, especially in poetic techniques and styles they use to convey meanings; most of Ferlinghetti¡¯s work is in free verse, almost sounding like prose; Snyder is more associated with formality. In Ferlinghetti¡¯s The Pennycandystore Beyond the El, there is no regular rhythm nor a specific pattern of rhymes. Moreover, the poem is enjambed; his thought is carried without any interruption of punctuation. Rough breaks and indentions ensure that the poem is written in unconventional form. In contrast, Snyder¡¯s poems contain some factors that suggest formality, especially the overall format of the poem. Mid-August at Sourdough Mountain Lookout is divided into two stanzas, unlike The Pennycandystore.., each stanza containing five lines. Also, although it is not uniform throughout the poem, it has a rhythmic pattern of meter, a combined form of iambic and anapestic. Not only do these differences exist between the two, but also some similarities in techniques are noticeable. Ferlinghetti uses one primary rhythm by stressing the first syllables in the beginnings of lines. Dictions like Jellybeans, tootsie rolls, and pennycandystore gives the impression that the poem portrays a playful and light-sided scene of New York City rather than a tranquil and serious tone suggested in Snyder¡¯s poem. He achieves this by stressing one particular sound, ¡®s,¡¯ and it is this consonance that creates a calm and soft atmosphere of Sourdough Mountain. The techniques the two poets use have more differences than similarities. In other words, their poetic styles are unique and do not associate with each others; however, the meanings and themes of their poems have numerous ideas in common.




According to the Anthology of American poetry, there are three factors that American poets have paid special attention to in recent American poetry voice, visual imagery, and place. The Beat poetry poets, Ferlinghetti and Snyder¡¯s poems both contain these three factors. Ferlinghetti¡¯s poem, as mentioned above, portrays a seemingly playful scene of the city, ¡®place,¡¯ by visualizing a strong image of the elevated subway of New York. Snyder, in Mid-August..., also portrays a scene of landscape but with totally different feeling the heavenly view from the top of Sourdough Mountain. The combination of each poet¡¯s voice, visual imagery, and place contribute to the central meaning, theme of the poem both poems talk about life, even though each mentions only about physical places, a city and a mountain. In The Pennycandystore Beyond the El, Ferlinghetti describes a dramatic scene of breathless subway station of New York. The view of the speaker changes from this sophisticated scene of the pennycandystore beyond the subway station to an empty street, where a girl hurriedly runs somewhere and falling leaves are everywhere. A pennycandystore in the crowded city of New York, intricate subway station, a breathlessly running girl, and falling leaves all suggest shortness of life; that life is too short to live and understand the complexity of it. While the poem is about the crazily moving city life, Snyder¡¯s Mid-August at Sourdough Mountain Lookout talks about tranquil, stable, and timeless life. The poem¡¯s calm atmosphere and visual images of the gorgeous mountain of Sourdough tell us that life is timeless when ¡°Drinking cold snow-water from a tin cup Looking down for miles Through high still air.¡±

The two poets say that life can be either short as a time it takes for leaves to fall or timeless like a view for miles through high still air. Their unique perspectives of life suggest that our lives could only be changed or nourished by individual¡¯s own behavior toward life. One can either live a life like a leaf falling down from a tree, or a timeless view through high still air. In my opinion, life should be the combination of the two; life should always be fast as the leaves fall, but it also needs some moments in life that one feels as if it were never ending, like a high still air.



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compare/contrast

We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like compare/contrast even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like compare/contrast in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.



In the business of law enforcement there is the criminal and the police officer. Both roles are similar, and therefore can be compared and they also have many contrasting qualities as well. The characteristics of each easily go hand in hand. In the following paragraphs I will compare and contrast these two roles.

The criminal devotes his life to crime and is constantly known as the “bad guy.” He breaks the law and never follows the rules given to him by society. In a sense, he is the target for the police officer and other law enforcement officials. Instead of trying to serve and protect, as would a police officer, the criminal puts the public in danger. He hurts and destroys the peace that the officers try to maintain. The criminal thinks and acts opposite of the police officer.

The police officer is there for the people and is known as the “good guy.” When people feel they are in danger they turn to the police officers for assistance. They are there in times of trouble, and despair. They try to catch the criminals in the act and try to make the streets safer for the public so they can enforce the laws and make sure that everyone is following them accordingly. They try and maintain and overall peace in the community so that the residents will feel safe and secure in their environment. The police officer thinks and acts opposite as a criminal.

The criminal and the police officer are on completely opposite poles. However, both are human beings trying to survive. Their differences outweigh their likenesses in many aspects of their professions. It’s really hard to find many qualities of the two that would compare.












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CHILDREN'S LITERATURE

We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like CHILDREN'S LITERATURE even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like CHILDREN'S LITERATURE in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.



A novel should leave the audience (regardless of age) feeling enriched as well as providing a sense of reader satisfaction. The sense of enrichment and satisfaction felt will differ between various audiences and will greatly depend on the subject matter and fictional methods used by the author. In The God of Small Things, Arundhati Roy includes themes such as childhood, growing up and being a twin. Death, relationships on all levels, love, hate, politics, religion, tradition, culture, abuse, misused authority, the end justifying the means, the caste system and the values of society are also presented. These issues are woven into a story, which does not follow conventional chronological order. The story is about twins Rahel and Esthappen who live in Kerala, India and is set in the 60’s through to the present. It tells of their growth and how their lives are affected by people and events around them with a focus on them being twins. This theme of twins may also be used to convey the idea that humans can almost be two people in one. Generally audiences are curious as to why people do things and the author goes into much detail with the characters, which is to the novels’ advantage as great insight into humanity is given.

Much of the subject matter found in The God of Small Things is common to many novels and indeed may be included in children’s novels. One of these beings Philip Pullman’s, Northern Lights. Here we have the story of Lyra, a young girl who sets out on a journey/adventure to the North to save her friend Roger and her father Lord Asriel. The setting is an alternate world, similar to ours but not quiet the same. The subject matter here includes once again the themes of childhood and growth (this time the growth of Lyra). This alternate world theme is creatively used and can be a clever and responsible tool to encourage discussion of various issues by younger audiences as they are of another world but may still relate to our world. The theme of being a twin may be present in the use of daemons, which every human in the novel has. These daemons are also used to represent the soul and the complexity of humans. This may help younger readers understand that people can be both good and bad and can also experience many emotions at once. Many of the issues are common to both novels and one of the more obvious ones may be the questioning of authority and especially its misuse - God of Small Things, Page 8 ‘Inspector Thomas Mathew seemed to know whom he could pick on and whom he couldn’t’. In Northern lights Page 74 the misuse of authority by the ‘Church’ is brought to light � ‘But they were cutting…Why did the Church let them do anything like that’. This is presented in a responsible manner as the author does not force it on the audience but only makes them aware. Death is also dealt with and in the adult novels is covered in more depth. In The God of Small Things the audience see death through the eyes of Rahel and the author manages to convey how the child does not fully understand the concept of death � page 5 ‘She noticed that Sophie Mol was awake for her funeral’. The reason this works goes back to the insights into human nature provided. In Northern Lights (which is aimed at children in year six and over) death is covered in a more gruesome manner which fits in with the nature of the story. However in some children’s novels death is mentioned briefly and kept simple. In Michael Morpurgo’s, The Butterfly Lion a children’s novel, Bertie relates why he cannot take the lion back to Africa, Page 66 - ‘Because my mother died’. This is probably all children need to know and any more may be too much to cope with for the younger audience. The issues presented in the first two novels however do not take over the storylines and it is here in the storylines that they differ. The God of Small Things has an interesting storyline however it does not include the high level of adventure and excitement found in Northern Lights. This may reflect the different audiences for which the books may be written although Northern Lights has generally appealed to adult audiences too. Similarities and differences may also be drawn from the fictional methods which the authors adopt.

Being taken back and forth in time in The God of Small Things challenges the audience as memory is important here and during various later chapters, events and people from earlier chapters need to be remembered. This is also true of The Butterfly Lion. The story begins with Morpurgo, a boy in boarding school and then goes on to tell the story of another young boy Bertie who lived in Africa and jumps from past to present. This adds to the fantasy aspect of this novel. The use of timeshift in The God of Small Things conveys the idea that life isn’t just simple and straightforward and that people are complex and gives a sense that all the characters and events in the novel are somehow linked. The author also uses this to introduce stories relevant to some of the characters other than the twins such as Chapter 1, where the story moves to how Chacko and Margaret Kochamma met. This takes the audience away from the main storyline and creates a multilayered effect where there are other stories going on. Glimpses of what has happened are also given such as Ammu’s death � Page 15 ‘After Ammu died’, and the reader is spurred to read on and find out how and why this has happened. Northern Lights is mostly written in ongoing narrative chronology, timeshift is however used briefly in Chapter . This works for the novel as it delays the main story thus creating more suspense but it also gives the audience a little more insight into the relationship between Lyra and Lord Asriel. Timeshift appears to be closely linked to providing a multilayered novel and adds depth to both adult and children’s novels.

The plots in the first two novels mentioned are genuine and this works for these books as the subject matter cannot otherwise be treated seriously. However in some novels parts of the plot are contrived in order for the story to continue to the end. The novel then relies upon the ‘what happens next’ factor to see it through. Examples are Man and Boy by Tony Parsons and Border Crossing by Pat Barker (both adult novels). Events such as Tom leaving his coat with Danny (Page 18, Border Crossing) and Harry leaving his mobile phone at home (Page 54, Man and Boy) are contrived. The events in Man and Boy may leave the more experienced audience feeling let down. In Border Crossing though events that are contrived may reflect the manipulative side of Danny. Contrived plots may be found in children’s novels too such as The Butterfly Lion where Bertie’s mother dies. This needs to take place for the story to continue and Bertie not to return to Africa. This story contains an element of fantasy and in this instance contriving events works.




Roy uses language to produce a descriptive style using lots of metaphors and similes � Page 1 ‘Pepper vines snake up electric poles’ and ‘The old house on the hill wore its steep, gabled roof pulled over its ears like a low hat’. This style gives a real sense of place and can be likened to The Butterfly Lion. Here Morpurgo also uses descriptive writing � Page 10 ‘A great stone lion bestrode the gateway’. There are a number of illustrations used in this novel and these support the descriptive style adding a sense of time as well as place. The illustrations are not clear and add to the fantasy of the novel and are also a clever tactic to get the young audience to ponder over text already read. In the children’s novel Double Act by Jacqueline Wilson, the use of illustrations is also present however these add humour to the novel and are clear. Arundhati Roy uses another method linked to language and that is running words together such as ‘sourmetalsmell’ and ‘coffin-cartwheeler’. This adds to the originality of the novel and may be paralleled with the use of ‘made up’ words in Northern lights like anbaric (which refers to an energy source). This also adds to the originality of the novel and to its authenticity. Roy uses language to convey various concepts for example the word ‘returned’ (Page ), is brilliantly used to describe Esthappen being sent back to his father and also reflects that the twins are at the ‘mercy’ of the adults around them. Authenticity can also be added to a novel by inclusion of periods which have occurred in real life history. The use of this can be seen in The God of Small Things where reference is made to the Marxist history of Kerala and in The Butterfly Lion where reference is made to the First World War. This inclusion works in both cases as the novel becomes more believable and may prompt further discussion in both audiences.

The God of Small Things is told in the third person, advantageous in that the audience is provided with more than one viewpoint. The same can be said of Northern Lights. The Butterfly Lion is told in the first person and this is beneficial as it is aimed at a younger audience than Northern Lights. The younger audience may generally be more drawn in by a novel where the character/s actually appear to be talking to them. Another example of this narrative can be seen in Double Act. Here the twins Ruby and Garnet tell their story in the first person.

Intertexuality provides the audience with a means of relating to the characters and may also signify a similarity between the text mentioned and the novel in which it is mentioned. In The Butterfly Lion and The God of Small Things various well known texts are referred to � The God of Small Things, Page 5 ‘Jungle Book’ and Butterfly Lion, Page 40 ‘Peter and the Wolf’. Love of Tokyo, Puff, Dust and Alethiometer are methods of symbolism which Roy and Pullman have used. This is a creative technique which gives the audience a sense of knowing the characters. The use of this in Pullmans’s novel helps the inexperienced audience to understand difficult concepts such as The Tree of Knowledge (Alethiometer).

Linking beginnings and endings is a feature of The God of Small Things which begins with a detailed description of the area and nature and ends in a similar fashion. Northern Lights begins with Lyra finding out about the North and ends with her actually in the North. The audience experience a sense of fulfilment (coming full circle) and get closure. This is important for both the adult and young audience.

Roy and Pullman employ various techniques and include relevant issues in the novels discussed above, the story lines are strong and exciting however they are told in an honest manner and this may be what results in their success. The issues do not overshadow the stories but add to their value. This means that both the experienced and inexperienced audience benefit as although there are issues laid before them it is their choice as to whether they question them or just enjoy the gripping stories. The plots in these novels do not leave any loose ends which leaves the audience with a sense of not being cheated and conveys the message that the author does not underestimate the intelligence of the audience. It can be seen from analysis of these novels that young audiences require more sensitivity and responsibility on the part of the author as regards the subject matter and the manner in which this subject matter is relayed to them. Both adult and young audiences alike however require gripping and exciting storylines to keep the ‘what happens next’ element going whilst relevance is still maintained and genuine plots that can explain ‘why’ are included. Authors can therefore not compromise in areas such as subject matter and fictional method and need to be equally creative and genuine when writing for both young and adult audiences.

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Children should be allowed to read fairy tales

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Fairy tales usually tell stories in order to entertain people. Some fairy tales teach lessons that are useful but some do not. For example, people can learn a lot about some important values such as honesty and courage, and some bad behaviors such as curiosity and disobedience, when reading fairy tales. Fewer children read fairy tales nowadays. People argue about the importance of fairy tales, some think that they are not appropriate for young children and some think that they are helpful for children social growth. Fairy tales that teach valuable lessons should be advised to children, in order to help their education.

Fairy tales such as “Little Red cap” teach people, especially young children, how important it is to listen to older people and how dangerous it is to be naïve. When Little red cap was leaving home for her grandmother’s house, her mother told her “You’d better start now before it gets too hot, and when you’re out in the wood, walk properly and don’t stray from the path” (Grimm and Grimm 14). But the little girl did not do what she was told. Instead of going straight to her grandmother’s, Little Red Cap stopped on the road to talk to the wolf. And when the wolf asked her to know where her grandmother was living, she told him without hesitation how to find the house. She did not even think that the wolf could have planned to harm her grandmother and worse to eat her too; she was really naïve. Being naïve and not listening to her mother turned out to be fatal because when she got to her destination, she got eaten by the wolf that had eaten the grandmother before. But as stories usually finish in a good way in fairy tales, Little Red cap and her grandmother were saved by a hunter. The little girl realized now how important it was to listen to her mother, thinking “Never again will you stray from the path and go to the woods, when your mother has forbidden it” (Grimm and Grimm 16).

When reading this fairy tale, children will automatically know that if they do not listen to their parents, they get themselves in some really difficult situations. Nobody wants to be in a dangerous situation, in addition, children are really afraid when they learn that something harmful could happen to them if they do not do what they are told. Therefore, they will manage to take everything their parents and older people tell them in consideration just because they want to be safe. It is a great value to care about the advice of others, and having this value helps a lot in today’s world. It helps people have easier relationships with others. A child who possesses this value in his early childhood already has an advantage because he will always use people’s advice when struggling in a situation. Most of the times fairy tales are interesting and children are never bored when they read or when they listen them. The good point is that is addition of being entertained by the stories; children also learn the lesson that the stories tell. So in some ways, , fairy tales are an easy way to teach children some real values that they should have.

Fairy tales can also motivate children. For example, after reading “Hansel and Gretel”, some children can learn that being courageous is a great value that can help them in so many situations. In the story, Hansel and Gretel are abandoned by their parents in the middle of the forest. If they had stayed there crying, they would not have gotten back to home; they would have ended up dead. Their strong desire to survive and to go back to home made them courageous. They knew that the only way to succeed was not to cry, but to fight their fears and to think a lot. At this moment, the reader can notice the manifest of the two children’s courage. Even when Hansel knew that they were lost in the forest, he kept on telling to Gretel “We’ll find our way back” (Grimm and Grimm 187). Many people would have just lost any hope of finding their way back. Once again when the two children got trapped by the old witch, when everything seemed to be lost, Gretel found a way to have the old witch go in the oven and then she died. This Idea to trap the old witch in her own oven just came out of the little girl’s imagination, as everything was lost. Reading this part, one can notice that the fact of being courageous also helped Gretel be clever. Being in a hopeless situation, courage was not enough to escape, they needed cleverness too. Therefore one can assume that cleverness is also an important value. Without any courage and cleverness, Hansel and Gretel would have not survived.




Little children who read “Hansel and Gretel” Learn that courage and cleverness are more important than strength. Courageous people always get strength from their courage and therefore, they can free themselves from any difficult situation. Would Hansel and Gretel be safe if they stayed in the forest crying? Any child who will read this story will try to be as courageous and as clever as Hansel and Gretel.

Nowadays, there are some values that are difficult to teach to people. Children are more difficult to educate well. But we still need some values such as Honesty, hardiness, and courage. How should we teach these values to today’s children? We might even think that it is impossible and that these values are lost forever. But when looking closely, it is noticeable that fairy tales that carry important values will teach them to children. What children learn during childhood is really important many people think “Early childhood programs benefit individual children, but they can produce even larger indirect benefits for the larger community. Many Americans believe such programs are a public good, worthy of public investment, but recognize that public resources are not unlimited”. It means that part of their future depends on their childhood. In addition, children consider the characters in fairy tales and make them their heroes. They will try to copy their heroes’ behaviors.



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chapter 44 - 59

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CHAPTERS 4 & 44

Pip decides to visit Estella one last time before going into hiding with Magwitch, the convict. He finds a man named Drummle at the Blue Boar and the two argue over Estella. (p.81) Drummle says the two have being seeing each other. Pip goes to Satis House to deal with Miss Havisham, telling her he has discovered the identity of his real benefactor. Miss Havisham is unsympathetic; saying she never had to let him know it was not her who was supporting him. He then turns to Estella and confesses his love for her saying “I know. I have no hope of ever calling you mine, Estella…Still I love you. I have loved you since I first saw you in this house.” She tells him she is marrying Drummle. Pip tries to discourage her, begging her not to let Miss Havisham ruin her life. Estella is stubborn; she says she wants to marry Drummle. Although Pip is broken-hearted he learns the truth and this is important to him.

CHAPTER 4

In this chapter things are set right with Miss Havisham when she agrees to give financial help to Herbert by Pips request. She seems much kinder, and she wants Pips forgiveness for all she has done to him and she wants to show him she is not a heartless old woman. Pip goes for a walk to organize his thoughts. When he returns, he sees Miss Havisham in her wedding dress go up in a blaze. Pip rushes to save her, and she again asks him to forgive her. A doctor arrives and says that although she has been badly burnt, the terrible shock is the greatest danger to her life. Pip is burnt too, and he forgivingly kisses the old lady good-bye “though every vestige of her dress was, burnt as they told me, she still had something of her ghastly bridal appearance” Then Pip leaves and goes to look for Herbert. (p.0)




CHAPTERS 55-57

After Pips escape plan failed Magwitch is sentenced to death, but he will probably die from the damage a man named Compeyson gave him in the water. Pip visits Magwitch on his deathbed and tells him about Estella. Pip tells him how beautiful she is and how much he has loved her. Magwitch dies with happy thoughts on his mind.

Magwitch’s death depresses Pip. He is also heavily indebted and has no money. He becomes very ill, and he is too sick to even move. Joe arrives to help, by caring for him until he is healthy and paying his debts so Pip will not go to prison. Joe tells Pip about Miss Havishams death and her wealth, which she left to Estella and to Matthew Pocket. He also tells Pip it is not important to bring up the past. Pip says to Joe “I am thankful that I have been ill” probably because it made their friendship stronger. But Pip is surprised to see that one morning he awakens to find Joe has gone. A note left behind tells Pip that Joe thinks he is not good enough for Pip, who will be able to start his life once again. Pip decides to sell his property and make things right with Joe. He plans to return to his childhood home and has dreams of marrying Biddy. This dream would never become a reality.

CHAPTER 5

Eleven years later, Pip returns to England. He says he is happy working hard in his trade, and is pleased with his simple lifestyle. He goes to visit Joe and Biddy who are now married, and tries to convince Biddy that he’s content with being a bachelor. Pip then goes to Satis House and finds that it’s no longer standing. Pip walks through the overgrown plants, thinking of Estella. He heard that she was unhappy with Drummle, but that Drummle had also died recently. As he walks under the moonlight, Pip finds Estella wandering through the old garden. They talk of the past happily; they leave the garden hand in hand, as Pip said, “I saw no shadow of another parting from her.”



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Birthmark .. god will always remain supreme

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“He has proposed to take her portrait by a scientific process of his own invention” (Hawthorne 106). In this quotation, Aylmer views his wife as a scientific experiment which he has the right to tamper with. Aylmer’s idea of changing his wife can be compared to God’s right of creation. Aylmer strives to be like God, but cannot escape from his mortal qualities which prevent him from being equal to God. Aylmer, an extremely proficient scientist has been able to equalize God’s power in numerous ways, but as a result of his vices as a human may not be labeled as the equal of God.

Aylmer, extremely fixated by science, in some ways matches God’s power. Aylmer has a beautiful wife who has only one imperfection - a birthmark. Instead of loving Georgiana for her natural beauty, Aylmer thought of her birthmark as a “frightful object, causing him more trouble and horror than ever Georgiana’s beauty . . . had given him delight” (Hawthorne 10). Aylmer thinks that he is like God, and like God he has to have everything perfect. So he longed for a perfect wife, thus he created a potion to rid his wife of her “horrible imperfection”. This potion works, Georgiana’s birthmark disappears. Aylmer possesses the knowledge and ability to destroy a natural gift inherited from birth, in this instance - Georgiana’s birthmark. God is the only entity who has the ability to destroy a mark inherited from birth, thus Aylmer can be compared to God. Aylmer can also be compared to God because he created an “Eden” for his lovely wife, as did God for Adam and Eve. Aylmer had created an elegant boudoir for Georgiana to spend her time in. Georgiana’s room was adorned with massive curtains which fell to the floor in folds, illuminated with the many different colors and odors secreted from perfumed lamps. The room can be compared to a paradise, like the one Adam and Eve had created for them by God, which contained an orchard filled with multiple fruit trees. Also, because God is the only being with the power to prolong or end life, Aylmer can be compared to God because Aylmer had created the elixir of immortality. This elixir is extremely strong. The strength and swiftness of the potion is described in this quotation. “By its aids I could apportion the lifetime of any mortal at whom you might point your finger. The strength of the dose would determine whether her were to linger out years, or drop dead on the midst of the breath” (Hawthorne 107). With his powerful elixir, Aylmer can match the intelligence and supremacies of God.

Aylmer’s vices overpower his virtues and sustain his ability to be like God. When Aylmer realized he cannot live with only one of his passions, he tried to maintain a balance between both - his “spiritual” love for his wife and his “chemical” love for science. Aylmer loves his wife as a man loves a woman, deeply and passionately, but because his love for science influenced him so strongly, it quickly overpowered the love he had for Georgiana. One of the vices Aylmer has is selfishness, because despite Georgiana’s confidence of her hand-shaped “gift from the fairies,” Aylmer convinced Georgiana that her birthmark was hideous and had to be removed. Aylmer was not satisfied with Georgiana’s appearance because he knew he had the ability to fix her imperfection, thus he tried to use science as an answer to fix Georgiana’s appearance. For these reasons, mistakenly, Aylmer tried to unite his wife with science. Aylmer’s reasons for uniting his wife with Nature are clear in this quotation “I feel myself fully competent to render this cheek as faultless as its fellow . . . I shall have connected what Nature

left imperfect in her fairest work” (Hawthorne 104). It is obvious that Aylmer sees nothing wrong with changing his wife, on the contrary he thinks he is helping both himself and his wife. The harder Aylmer tried to love his wife for who she really was, the more the birthmark began to repulse him. He even had a dream about the birthmark, in which he was cutting the birthmark away, but the knife cut so deep that it wrenched away Georgiana’s heart. Obviously, Aylmer’s failure to maintain a balance between his passion for science and his love for his wife proves his weakness as a human being. Aylmer did have the power and knowledge to get rid of an imperfection, like God, but because he was a human, his scheme to be married to a perfect woman backfired. Georgiana died a few moments after the disappearance of her birthmark. Even though Aylmer’s main passion was for science he did not have the genius to create every intended experiment successfully. Aylmer had many failures, and his achievements, when compared to his ideals at which he aimed at, were extremely petty. His successes and failures are compared to worthless gaud. Aylmer’s scientific efforts are described in this quotation “His brightest diamonds were the merest pebbles . . .” (Hawthorne 10). Obviously, Aylmer may be considered not worthy enough to keep his title as a scientist. In contrast to God, Aylmer is a pathetic soul who fails at most of his intended goals, where God is able to achieve anything he desires.




Despite Aylmer’s great skill in science, he has many vices which he cannot overcome, thus enabling him from equalizing God’s extraordinary power. Aylmer has destroyed an imperfection through the study of science, discovered immortality, and created an “Eden,” all powers equal to that of God’s. Despite these accomplishments, Aylmer does not learn how to equilibrize his mortal emotions, fails many times before he is able to achieve any of his experiments, and is not able to obtain his lifelong dream of having a perfect wife. All in all, Aylmer possesses an immense cognition of science comparable to that of God’s, but Aylmer will never be justified as an equivalent to God because of his mortal vices.

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