We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like kerry james marshall even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like kerry james marshall in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Located at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Chicago is One True Thing, Meditations on Black Aesthetics by Kerry James Marshall. Contained within this exhibit is a piece entitled 7 AM Sunday Morning. This particular painting showcases Chicago’s Bronzeville neighborhood, where Marshall is from. 7 AM is a composite of the buildings on Chicago’s south side in Bronzeville. This particular area, where Marshall is from, is known as a black metropolis with a strong community of black owned businesses. It was considered rich in culture until well after World War . According to Annie Ranttila, “The piece, 7am Sunday Morning, shows the neighborhood, created by the CHA, in despair; but somehow, beyond all expectations still thriving. The painting is huge. Somehow Marshall has captured the depraved squalor, but simultaneously the absolute beauty.”
The gently sunlit streets are empty except for a small group of people waiting for a bus. A liquor store, beauty shops and churches are within view. Birds flutter overhead. Trees. Street signs, pavement and trash. Vacant lots. Car engines ricochet off the rows of one-story buildings down the block, sound peaking for an instant before disappearing back into stillness. Music plays just beyond earshot. Notions of lyrics of song that are heard from the Bronzeville neighborhood are disrupted by the glare of sun off the buildings. The prismatic light represents one end where “black painting” represents the other. These are the life-like scenes of Chicago’s Bronzville neighborhood in the landscape of Marshalls 7AM Sunday Morning. “His painting 7 am Sunday Morning offers a nearly life-sized perspective of this street scene. A perfect surface uninterrupted by evidence of a brushstroke spreads out across the reality, almost rising up from within the buildings, the grass, the ironworks.”
In the most basic sense 7 AM is an acrylic painting on a canvas banner. However, when more closely examining the painting one can see that the intensities of the colors in this piece are very dull. The only brightness that can be seen is the sun shining through the clouds, which is intensely bright. The colors are more subdued and grayed. There is really a lighter value to the painting; it’s easy to see that all the colors are similarly light there isn’t a dark shape or object that sticks out from the rest of the painting. The dark shapes that are present aren’t visibly out of place. There is defiantly a split screen effect. It is possible that Marshall is trying to generate a before and after effect. On one end you have the neighborhood as a calm and serene place, and the other is the interruption of light, maybe symbolizing the mixing of cultures and disruption of a place that was rich and culture. On one end you have and identifiable place, the other is a place searching for an identity. Everything, with the exception of the distorted side, is very squared off and box-like. This however doesn’t really take away from the lifelike feel of the piece. It appears to be a realistic view an area of the Bronzeville neighborhood. Although, one is not sure if the area depicted is real or not, one gets the feeling that this area really looked like this at one time. The right side of the painting is comprised of geometric shapes, mostly hexagons and rhombuses. The texture of the painting itself is very smooth, there’s nothing elevated or nothing that rises above the landscape. The foreground is relatively empty; most of the content is really what would be considered toward the back of the piece. The relative lack of activity and soft hues of color give this piece a more laid back and calm appearance, which is quite a contrast to what the neighborhood is today. Marshall also has a great sense of space. The painting itself has a great sense of depth. When looking at it one gets the sense that the buildings in the background and the birds up in the sky are a great distance way. Everything is spread out and not bunched together and this contributes to the feeling of this being a very tranquil piece, its like everything is in perfect harmony.
In conclusion, this artwork by Kerry James Marshall can be best describes as realistic, but also has an objective quality, because of the prismatic affect. It is obvious that the subject matter on the “black painting” side is very realistic and subjective, with a clear subject matter. The prisms, however, make it really difficult to find the meaning of the painting and also make it difficult to describe all the elements presented.
Mind that the sample papers like kerry james marshall presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Wednesday 29 August 2012
Saturday 25 August 2012
1984- winston's character
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like 1984- winston's character even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like 1984- winston's character in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Winston Smith, such an ordinary name, yet so far from an ordinary character. In George Orwell’s novel, 184, the protagonist, Winston Smith, is a year old man who works for the Ministry of Truth. His job is to help rewrite history, a very monotonous job, and it seems as though Winston’s character would reflect exactly that. Nonetheless, he is a dynamic character whose actions and words not only reflect Orwell’s feelings, but also create a lively character who has the ability to change, grow, and love throughout the course of the novel. Orwell also uses symbols within the novel to highlight Winston’s character traits. Winston’s life changes dramatically when he realizes that he hates Big Brother and wants to rebel against the party. He is forced to deal with the consequences of his actions. However, they only serve to give Winston’s character more depth and scope, so that he becomes more “real”. Winston Smith is very far from a flat character and, throughout the novel, he grows changes and exhibits his true personality.
Orwell uses symbols to help demonstrate the true characteristics of Winston Smith. One symbol that is used to reveal Winston’s character is the paperweight. The paperweight reveals that Winston has both a fascination and appreciation for the past that he pursues without regard for consequence. Knowing what the outcome of his actions might be, Winston walked into an antique store, in the prole district, and purchased the paperweight from Mr. Carrington. Winston struggles to recover his own personal memories and create for himself a more accurate picture of what has happened to the world, knowing that if caught by the Thought Police, he could be faced with severe penalties. He does this by trying to reconnect with the past, buying and admiring objects from the distant past, such as the paperweight, the journal and the old picture of St. Clement’s Church. Winston’s belief that nothing can conquer the human mind is revealed by the paperweight. The coral encased and protected by the glass represents the mind and its ability to resist outside forces. Winston thinks that only his mind is unreachable by the Party. This idea is supported when Orwell writes, “Nothing was your own except the few cubic centimeters inside your skull.” (Orwell ). This is also shown when he writes, “They cant get inside you.” (Orwell 174). Symbolically, when the Thought Police arrest Winston, the paperweight is smashed on the ground, which foreshadows that they will ultimately break Winston’s spirit, conquer his mind, and destroy his humanity. The paperweight is a symbol that reveals these two characteristics of Winston and helps the reader to develop a better understanding of how dynamic a character Winston really is.
At the beginning of the novel, Winston is doubtful about the power of the Party. He is basically a flat character. He does what the party tells him to do and does not react to his surroundings. His only hope is to find the truth behind the Party. As the story progresses, he becomes increasingly unsure of his feelings about the Party, more doubtful of the truth behind Big Brother and more troubled when being forced to watch the two minute hate. When he gets his diary and shortly thereafter, he realizes that he actually hates the Party. “All that they did was to keep alive in him the belief, or hope, that others besides himself were the enemies of the Party. Perhaps the rumors of vast underground conspiracies were true after all -- perhaps the Brotherhood really existed!” By buying the diary, it shows the reader that Winston is gaining courage and his character is growing. He is now willing to step outside of the boundaries which are acceptable to the Party and is ready to accept new ideas. The love affair with Julia is, to him, the ultimate defiance of the Party and the climax of his actions. Julia may not be Winston’s true love, yet he is attracted to her because she is “corrupt” and shares his feelings towards the Party. Their relationship is kept a secret because they both know that they will be killed if the Party learns of their relationship. Winston’s true feelings towards Julia are shown when they are talking to O’Brien about the brotherhood, “You are prepared, the two of you, to separate and never see one another again? No! broke in Julia... Until he had said it, he did not know which word he was going to say. No, he said finally.” (pg. 180) The two of them are willing to do anything for the Brotherhood, yet they claim they would never compromise their love for each other. By this point in the novel, Winston’s character understands what love is, feels it emotionally, and is willing to do anything to preserve it.
Shortly thereafter, Winston is captured by the Thought Police and taken to the Ministry of Love to be “rehabilitated”. When he arrives at the Ministry of Love, he still felt a sense of rebellion. Although the Party tried to take away all feeling, Winston and Julia still felt love towards each other, a deep emotion which indicates one of Winston’s many aspects. Winston’s sense of rebellion stays with him throughout all the torture, until he is sent to Room 101. Before this, he believes that he will be able to go along with their ways, and still make it appear that he has changed. Once released, he will know what mistakes not to repeat when attempting to rebel. Room 101 changed his character immensely. While being faced with his greatest fear, rats, he wished Julia was the one receiving the pain, not him. This was the one promise he made to Julia when they agreed to join the Brotherhood. With this one wish, his character took a turn for the worse. “There are occasions when a human being will stand out against pain, even to the point of death. But for everyone there is something unendurable -- something that cannot be contemplated. Courage and cowardice are not involved…It is the same with the rats. For you, they are unendurable. They are a form of pressure that you cannot withstand, even if you wished to. You will do what is required of you.” (Pg. 8) He had now given in to the Party. He was one of them. Winston could now be molded in any way the Party wanted. The new and “improved” Winston is finally apparent in the last two lines of the book when Orwell writes, He had won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother. (pg. 11)
Winston’s character grows and changes throughout the novel. Despite Winstons knowledge that there is no escaping Big Brother and the political machinery by which his life is bound, he still defies authority by buying, keeping, and writing in the diary; his affair with Julia and, his meeting with OBrien. All of his actions take place in the face of tremendous odds. Each incident adds to Winston’s character and makes him seem like more of a real person. Winston, as a character, is faced with the same struggles that all people must deal with, and this lets the reader feel more of a connection with him. He had to deal with his weakness for rats, the defining moment in which he gave in to the Party. Every individual has moments when they feel like giving up, unable to cope. Winston’s giving in to his weakness shows that he human. He has moved beyond his level of coping ability. Of course, Orwell uses Winston to portray his own feelings yet he also created a “human” character, one who was forced to deal with many of the issues facing us today.
Mind that the sample papers like 1984- winston's character presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Winston Smith, such an ordinary name, yet so far from an ordinary character. In George Orwell’s novel, 184, the protagonist, Winston Smith, is a year old man who works for the Ministry of Truth. His job is to help rewrite history, a very monotonous job, and it seems as though Winston’s character would reflect exactly that. Nonetheless, he is a dynamic character whose actions and words not only reflect Orwell’s feelings, but also create a lively character who has the ability to change, grow, and love throughout the course of the novel. Orwell also uses symbols within the novel to highlight Winston’s character traits. Winston’s life changes dramatically when he realizes that he hates Big Brother and wants to rebel against the party. He is forced to deal with the consequences of his actions. However, they only serve to give Winston’s character more depth and scope, so that he becomes more “real”. Winston Smith is very far from a flat character and, throughout the novel, he grows changes and exhibits his true personality.
Orwell uses symbols to help demonstrate the true characteristics of Winston Smith. One symbol that is used to reveal Winston’s character is the paperweight. The paperweight reveals that Winston has both a fascination and appreciation for the past that he pursues without regard for consequence. Knowing what the outcome of his actions might be, Winston walked into an antique store, in the prole district, and purchased the paperweight from Mr. Carrington. Winston struggles to recover his own personal memories and create for himself a more accurate picture of what has happened to the world, knowing that if caught by the Thought Police, he could be faced with severe penalties. He does this by trying to reconnect with the past, buying and admiring objects from the distant past, such as the paperweight, the journal and the old picture of St. Clement’s Church. Winston’s belief that nothing can conquer the human mind is revealed by the paperweight. The coral encased and protected by the glass represents the mind and its ability to resist outside forces. Winston thinks that only his mind is unreachable by the Party. This idea is supported when Orwell writes, “Nothing was your own except the few cubic centimeters inside your skull.” (Orwell ). This is also shown when he writes, “They cant get inside you.” (Orwell 174). Symbolically, when the Thought Police arrest Winston, the paperweight is smashed on the ground, which foreshadows that they will ultimately break Winston’s spirit, conquer his mind, and destroy his humanity. The paperweight is a symbol that reveals these two characteristics of Winston and helps the reader to develop a better understanding of how dynamic a character Winston really is.
At the beginning of the novel, Winston is doubtful about the power of the Party. He is basically a flat character. He does what the party tells him to do and does not react to his surroundings. His only hope is to find the truth behind the Party. As the story progresses, he becomes increasingly unsure of his feelings about the Party, more doubtful of the truth behind Big Brother and more troubled when being forced to watch the two minute hate. When he gets his diary and shortly thereafter, he realizes that he actually hates the Party. “All that they did was to keep alive in him the belief, or hope, that others besides himself were the enemies of the Party. Perhaps the rumors of vast underground conspiracies were true after all -- perhaps the Brotherhood really existed!” By buying the diary, it shows the reader that Winston is gaining courage and his character is growing. He is now willing to step outside of the boundaries which are acceptable to the Party and is ready to accept new ideas. The love affair with Julia is, to him, the ultimate defiance of the Party and the climax of his actions. Julia may not be Winston’s true love, yet he is attracted to her because she is “corrupt” and shares his feelings towards the Party. Their relationship is kept a secret because they both know that they will be killed if the Party learns of their relationship. Winston’s true feelings towards Julia are shown when they are talking to O’Brien about the brotherhood, “You are prepared, the two of you, to separate and never see one another again? No! broke in Julia... Until he had said it, he did not know which word he was going to say. No, he said finally.” (pg. 180) The two of them are willing to do anything for the Brotherhood, yet they claim they would never compromise their love for each other. By this point in the novel, Winston’s character understands what love is, feels it emotionally, and is willing to do anything to preserve it.
Shortly thereafter, Winston is captured by the Thought Police and taken to the Ministry of Love to be “rehabilitated”. When he arrives at the Ministry of Love, he still felt a sense of rebellion. Although the Party tried to take away all feeling, Winston and Julia still felt love towards each other, a deep emotion which indicates one of Winston’s many aspects. Winston’s sense of rebellion stays with him throughout all the torture, until he is sent to Room 101. Before this, he believes that he will be able to go along with their ways, and still make it appear that he has changed. Once released, he will know what mistakes not to repeat when attempting to rebel. Room 101 changed his character immensely. While being faced with his greatest fear, rats, he wished Julia was the one receiving the pain, not him. This was the one promise he made to Julia when they agreed to join the Brotherhood. With this one wish, his character took a turn for the worse. “There are occasions when a human being will stand out against pain, even to the point of death. But for everyone there is something unendurable -- something that cannot be contemplated. Courage and cowardice are not involved…It is the same with the rats. For you, they are unendurable. They are a form of pressure that you cannot withstand, even if you wished to. You will do what is required of you.” (Pg. 8) He had now given in to the Party. He was one of them. Winston could now be molded in any way the Party wanted. The new and “improved” Winston is finally apparent in the last two lines of the book when Orwell writes, He had won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother. (pg. 11)
Winston’s character grows and changes throughout the novel. Despite Winstons knowledge that there is no escaping Big Brother and the political machinery by which his life is bound, he still defies authority by buying, keeping, and writing in the diary; his affair with Julia and, his meeting with OBrien. All of his actions take place in the face of tremendous odds. Each incident adds to Winston’s character and makes him seem like more of a real person. Winston, as a character, is faced with the same struggles that all people must deal with, and this lets the reader feel more of a connection with him. He had to deal with his weakness for rats, the defining moment in which he gave in to the Party. Every individual has moments when they feel like giving up, unable to cope. Winston’s giving in to his weakness shows that he human. He has moved beyond his level of coping ability. Of course, Orwell uses Winston to portray his own feelings yet he also created a “human” character, one who was forced to deal with many of the issues facing us today.
Mind that the sample papers like 1984- winston's character presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Friday 24 August 2012
abortion
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like abortion even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like abortion in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
In “A Defense of Abortion” Judith Thomson employs clever analogy to tackle the question of the morality of abortion on an atypical battlefield. She cedes the most embattled point of the entire debate in order to take a longer look at its oft-ignored results. When Thomson surrenders the belief that the fetus is human life from conception, albeit for the sole purpose of furthering debate, the contest seems given over to the typical pro-life view far from it.
Rather than argue over where the arbitrary line should be drawn demarcating the beginning of human life, Ms. Thomson would prefer a debate on the rights given to a human life and the rights of the fetus when weighed against the rights of the mother. Those who oppose abortion adopt the stance that, as a human life, a fetus has the right to life, which outweighs the mother’s right to govern her body. Among the objections raised by abortion proponents is the possibility that the mother’s right to life can be put into jeopardy through pregnancy. To accentuate these objections and portray the shortcomings of the ‘pro-life’ train of thought, Ms Thomson asks the reader to imagine what is referred to henceforth as the ‘Violinist Example’.
Ms. Thomson asks us to imagine a case in which we were to awaken in a hospital after having been kidnapped and grafted to a famous musician. His survival is dependant on the continued support of our internal organs, and while it is unfortunate that we were not consulted before this procedure was performed, reversing it would amount to direct murder and would therefore be disallowed. While farfetched, this example seems wholly analogous to a case of impregnation by rape, and it is Ms. Thomson’s belief that it is nigh impossible, ethically, to defensibly hold the position that abortion is allowable in cases of rape but not elsewhere. This would amount to measuring ones right to life against the means in which one was conceived.
Assuming at least a nominal, general sense of altruism in the world population, and that some music lovers in her readership might leap at the chance to save unparalleled talent, Ms. Thomson pushes her example further in an attempt to have her conclusions universally applicable. She asks us to consider our reaction to being told that the man we are inseparable from is killing us, and will cause our organs to fail quite soon. This argument spells out the difficulty in differentiating between direct and indirect killing. Ms. Thomson argues that we cannot possibly accept our own death, and the subsequent death of the violinist when we could simply reach around and unplug that which was killing us. This killing, for Ms. Thomson, would be self-defense. What makes the situation all the more difficult is that “[b]oth are innocent the one who is threatened is not threatened because of any fault, the one who threatens does not threaten because of any fault.” (Thomson, Judith Jarvis. “A Defense of Abortion”, Philosophy & Public Affairs 1 (171) 5)
Ms. Thomson’s ‘Violinist Example’ shows the inadequacy of the belief that the right to life of a fetus is paramount to the right of a mother over her body in cases where the mothers life is at stake or cases where rape is responsible for pregnancy. However, cases such as these account for a very small percentage of abortions, and Ms. Thomson would have us outlaw none. She would have us allow all abortions, because she believes that there is a distinction to be drawn between what others have a right to, and what we ought do. Ethically, we ought to be a “Minimally Decent Samaritan” (6). This, in no way, requires us to be a ‘Good Samaritan’. According to Ms. Thomson, we cannot, or rather should not, be required by law to behave at any higher standard than the lowest ethically acceptable. This is the foundation of Ms. Thomson’s defense of her argument.
While the ‘Violinist Example’ is only truly analogous in cases of rape, or when the mothers life is in danger, the conclusions are widespread and stand up to the most commonly held opposition. When faced with cases in which the mother’s life is not at stake, Ms. Thomson remains vigilant, considering what is meant by a ‘right to life’.
In some views having a right to life includes having a right to be given at least the bare minimum one needs for continued life. But suppose that what in fact is the bare minimum a man needs for continued life is something he has no right at all to be given? (55)
Thomson cedes that the fetus has a right to life, but she will not cede it’s right to what would be required to sustain that life. She cannot cede it because it is not hers to give. For Thomson, the decision over whether to provide the life giving womb must be the decision of each mother, and neither the child, nor the state, have the right to demand it.
While Ms. Thomson has chosen unusual ground upon which to fight for the legitimacy of abortion, her conclusions seem to lie in familiar territory. The idea that the decision over abortion is personal and must be considered on an individual basis is longstanding and intelligible, but also somewhat of a cop-out. To say that a law must not be passed regarding an activity because of the individual nature of each case is to ignore the entire process of judicial review in our system. On this subject, Ms. Thomson’s opinion is sound, but seems to rest on the same shaky ground as those that came before her.
In cases where rape is not a factor, abortion opponents would claim that voluntarily participating in the act of procreation forgoes a woman’s right to abortion. She has knowingly accepted the possibility that her actions would result in a new life, which is uniquely dependant upon her. Ms. Thomson is somewhat thrown by this proposition, citing an analogy of an open window allowing a burglar to enter and thus have rights over the home. On this topic, her conclusion is by far the weakest, preferring to “sidestep this issue and leave it open, for at any rate the argument certainly does not establish that all abortion is unjust killing.” (5) Thomson claims that without voluntary acceptance of the fetus, not just the potential, there is most certainly no right to use of the mothers body. I am inclined to agree, and once again we are brought to a position of differentiating between what we ought do, and what we must do.
It feels appropriate, yet trite, to conclude that we should do as we feel ethically bound, but that seems to be the conclusion that Ms. Thomson draws. Her intent was not to prove that all abortion is ethical but to say that there are times when an abortion is rationally and morally acceptable. The end result of that conclusion is that abortion must not be deemed illegal. It seems Ms. Thomson is content to allow the reader to draw arbitrary lines in her conclusion where she would not. Never drawing the distinction of when a fetus becomes a life, she asks each person to draw the line as too how much of their life they would give up to save a dying maestro. We ought give an hour, she says, but it should in no way be required of us. (60) In the same vein, a woman in the seventh month of pregnancy aborting a fetus so as not to delay a vacation is a reprehensible human being, but not a criminal. (66) The standard to which the laws of a free society must be set is, unfortunately, the lowest standard. More can be expected, but it should not be required.
Mind that the sample papers like abortion presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
In “A Defense of Abortion” Judith Thomson employs clever analogy to tackle the question of the morality of abortion on an atypical battlefield. She cedes the most embattled point of the entire debate in order to take a longer look at its oft-ignored results. When Thomson surrenders the belief that the fetus is human life from conception, albeit for the sole purpose of furthering debate, the contest seems given over to the typical pro-life view far from it.
Rather than argue over where the arbitrary line should be drawn demarcating the beginning of human life, Ms. Thomson would prefer a debate on the rights given to a human life and the rights of the fetus when weighed against the rights of the mother. Those who oppose abortion adopt the stance that, as a human life, a fetus has the right to life, which outweighs the mother’s right to govern her body. Among the objections raised by abortion proponents is the possibility that the mother’s right to life can be put into jeopardy through pregnancy. To accentuate these objections and portray the shortcomings of the ‘pro-life’ train of thought, Ms Thomson asks the reader to imagine what is referred to henceforth as the ‘Violinist Example’.
Ms. Thomson asks us to imagine a case in which we were to awaken in a hospital after having been kidnapped and grafted to a famous musician. His survival is dependant on the continued support of our internal organs, and while it is unfortunate that we were not consulted before this procedure was performed, reversing it would amount to direct murder and would therefore be disallowed. While farfetched, this example seems wholly analogous to a case of impregnation by rape, and it is Ms. Thomson’s belief that it is nigh impossible, ethically, to defensibly hold the position that abortion is allowable in cases of rape but not elsewhere. This would amount to measuring ones right to life against the means in which one was conceived.
Assuming at least a nominal, general sense of altruism in the world population, and that some music lovers in her readership might leap at the chance to save unparalleled talent, Ms. Thomson pushes her example further in an attempt to have her conclusions universally applicable. She asks us to consider our reaction to being told that the man we are inseparable from is killing us, and will cause our organs to fail quite soon. This argument spells out the difficulty in differentiating between direct and indirect killing. Ms. Thomson argues that we cannot possibly accept our own death, and the subsequent death of the violinist when we could simply reach around and unplug that which was killing us. This killing, for Ms. Thomson, would be self-defense. What makes the situation all the more difficult is that “[b]oth are innocent the one who is threatened is not threatened because of any fault, the one who threatens does not threaten because of any fault.” (Thomson, Judith Jarvis. “A Defense of Abortion”, Philosophy & Public Affairs 1 (171) 5)
Ms. Thomson’s ‘Violinist Example’ shows the inadequacy of the belief that the right to life of a fetus is paramount to the right of a mother over her body in cases where the mothers life is at stake or cases where rape is responsible for pregnancy. However, cases such as these account for a very small percentage of abortions, and Ms. Thomson would have us outlaw none. She would have us allow all abortions, because she believes that there is a distinction to be drawn between what others have a right to, and what we ought do. Ethically, we ought to be a “Minimally Decent Samaritan” (6). This, in no way, requires us to be a ‘Good Samaritan’. According to Ms. Thomson, we cannot, or rather should not, be required by law to behave at any higher standard than the lowest ethically acceptable. This is the foundation of Ms. Thomson’s defense of her argument.
While the ‘Violinist Example’ is only truly analogous in cases of rape, or when the mothers life is in danger, the conclusions are widespread and stand up to the most commonly held opposition. When faced with cases in which the mother’s life is not at stake, Ms. Thomson remains vigilant, considering what is meant by a ‘right to life’.
In some views having a right to life includes having a right to be given at least the bare minimum one needs for continued life. But suppose that what in fact is the bare minimum a man needs for continued life is something he has no right at all to be given? (55)
Thomson cedes that the fetus has a right to life, but she will not cede it’s right to what would be required to sustain that life. She cannot cede it because it is not hers to give. For Thomson, the decision over whether to provide the life giving womb must be the decision of each mother, and neither the child, nor the state, have the right to demand it.
While Ms. Thomson has chosen unusual ground upon which to fight for the legitimacy of abortion, her conclusions seem to lie in familiar territory. The idea that the decision over abortion is personal and must be considered on an individual basis is longstanding and intelligible, but also somewhat of a cop-out. To say that a law must not be passed regarding an activity because of the individual nature of each case is to ignore the entire process of judicial review in our system. On this subject, Ms. Thomson’s opinion is sound, but seems to rest on the same shaky ground as those that came before her.
In cases where rape is not a factor, abortion opponents would claim that voluntarily participating in the act of procreation forgoes a woman’s right to abortion. She has knowingly accepted the possibility that her actions would result in a new life, which is uniquely dependant upon her. Ms. Thomson is somewhat thrown by this proposition, citing an analogy of an open window allowing a burglar to enter and thus have rights over the home. On this topic, her conclusion is by far the weakest, preferring to “sidestep this issue and leave it open, for at any rate the argument certainly does not establish that all abortion is unjust killing.” (5) Thomson claims that without voluntary acceptance of the fetus, not just the potential, there is most certainly no right to use of the mothers body. I am inclined to agree, and once again we are brought to a position of differentiating between what we ought do, and what we must do.
It feels appropriate, yet trite, to conclude that we should do as we feel ethically bound, but that seems to be the conclusion that Ms. Thomson draws. Her intent was not to prove that all abortion is ethical but to say that there are times when an abortion is rationally and morally acceptable. The end result of that conclusion is that abortion must not be deemed illegal. It seems Ms. Thomson is content to allow the reader to draw arbitrary lines in her conclusion where she would not. Never drawing the distinction of when a fetus becomes a life, she asks each person to draw the line as too how much of their life they would give up to save a dying maestro. We ought give an hour, she says, but it should in no way be required of us. (60) In the same vein, a woman in the seventh month of pregnancy aborting a fetus so as not to delay a vacation is a reprehensible human being, but not a criminal. (66) The standard to which the laws of a free society must be set is, unfortunately, the lowest standard. More can be expected, but it should not be required.
Mind that the sample papers like abortion presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Monday 20 August 2012
The Impressionists
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like The Impressionists even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like The Impressionists in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
The Impressionists, Fauves, and the Cubists are but a few of the innovative groups of artists who, despite the fame they enjoy today, met with overwhelmingly negative criticism during their time. In 1888 another group of young painters was formed. They proclaimed themselves “the Nabis”, from the Hebrew word for prophet. They began in Pont-Aven when one artist revealed to another that there were other ways of painting than those taught at the Academy Julian. They began painting landscapes in pure colors side by side with no transition between them. In this play of color and shape the artists saw a mysterious amulet with a secret meaning that had to be decoded bit by bit. To reduce the elements of a scene to an interplay of shapes and colors became the Nabis’ credo. The Nabis dreamed of a world made better through art that would express ideal beauty and the nobility of feelings. Although they remained friends, after 100 the Nabis sought out their own personal paths. Two of these painters, Edouard Vuillard and Pierre Bonnard, form, color and content remained similar throughout their career.
Edouard Vuillard was born in 1868in Cuiseaux, a tiny French town near the Swiss border. At age nine, he moved with his family to Paris. His father, a retired army officer, died several years later, leaving his mother with three children and only a small income. She came from family of textile designers, and to make a living she first operated a lingerie shop and then a dressmaking business. Edouard lived with his mother, his greatest supporter, for her entire life. In 1888, Vuillard studied briefly at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts under Jean-Leon Gerome, but disliked the conservative approach. Along with the other Nabis, Vuillard first made small expressive paintings of interiors using flat
bands of color, then began adding detailed surface patterns to his work. By the turn of the century he was making striking, large-scale decorative wall paintings and folding screens, and later, portraits of prosperous French families. While Vuillard’s art remained figurative, his intense focus on the picture itself would foreshadow elements of abstraction in the twentieth century. Vuillard died at the beginning of World War II, just as the quiet, domestic world he had painted for so many years was about to be shattered.
Pierre Bonnard spent his childhood in the village of Le Grand-Lemps, which served as subject matter in his early paintings. While earning a law degree, Bonnard simultaneously attended art classes at the Academy Julian in Paris. There Bonnard worked in the most varied of formats, designing posters, book illustrations, sheet music, theater programs, stage sets, costumes, and stained glass windows, while also producing drawings and lithographs for newspapers and magazines and experimenting with photography. The diversity of his art reflects a profound philosophical unity. His aim from the beginning was to create a personal vision without convention. Bonnard’s thinking was accompanied by an obsession to recover his initial perception, what he later called, “finding again the first sensation.” This thinking carried on to all of his artwork until his death in 147 at the age of 80.
Edouard Vuillard’s “Foliage Oak Tree and Fruit Seller” was painted in 118 and is distemper on canvas. Vuillard painted this tapestry-like image for the Paris residence of art dealer George Bernheim. Here he is depicting the view from his mother’s second-floor bedroom in the villa Closerie des Genets at Vaucresson, a western suburb of Paris. The Vuillard family rented this villa every summer until 15. The heavily encrusted
paint surface of soft greens and blues forms a dense screen of foliage through which can be seen women, including the fruit seller of the title. Vuillard organized the complex patterns and shapes formed by leaves, branches, and fencing around the prominent tree trunk in the foreground. Vuillard began this painting during the final year of World War I.
Pierre Bonnard’s “Earthly Paradise” was painted between 116 and 10 and is oil on canvas. This richly colored canvas is one of four decorative panels commissioned for Gaston Bernheim. The lush outdoor setting is filled with Biblical allusions to Eden. The nude couple symbolized Adam and Eve surrounded by numerous animals including a monkey, birds, rabbits, and a snake. The implied tension between the remote and distant man and the seductively posed reclining woman suggests the Biblical fall from grace, and may also allude to a romance in Bonnard’s life. The painter communicated his smoldering vision of a lost paradise with the brilliant hues and fluid brushwork that date back to the impressionism.
Both “Earthly Paradise” and “ Foliage Oak Tree and Fruit Seller” are abstract paintings. While different artists painted these paintings, you would not know that by just looking at them. The brush stroke and use of color are very similar. Bonnard uses unusual colors for different objects. An example of this is the blue tree. Vuillard does the same with the purple background. Both painting are using nature and foliage as a form of paradise or escape from what is really going on in the world. While “Earthly Paradise” shows a type of heaven, “Foliage..” shows reality. Vuillard’s painting is of
what he saw while looking out his window. Bonnard’s painting is of what he wishes he saw outside his window.
While the settings of these painting may be different, both share the same meaning and purpose. The paintings were painted so the people looking at them would feel calm and happy. How can one not look at “Earthly Paradise” and not think about how the world or they’re own life should be? Both Bonnard and Vuillard belonged to the Nabis and were friends for many years. Because of these two paintings it is obvious that they each had an effect on one another. It is almost as though the same painter painted both. These painting are proof that the Nabis shared the same ideas regarding form, color, and content.
Mind that the sample papers like The Impressionists presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
The Impressionists, Fauves, and the Cubists are but a few of the innovative groups of artists who, despite the fame they enjoy today, met with overwhelmingly negative criticism during their time. In 1888 another group of young painters was formed. They proclaimed themselves “the Nabis”, from the Hebrew word for prophet. They began in Pont-Aven when one artist revealed to another that there were other ways of painting than those taught at the Academy Julian. They began painting landscapes in pure colors side by side with no transition between them. In this play of color and shape the artists saw a mysterious amulet with a secret meaning that had to be decoded bit by bit. To reduce the elements of a scene to an interplay of shapes and colors became the Nabis’ credo. The Nabis dreamed of a world made better through art that would express ideal beauty and the nobility of feelings. Although they remained friends, after 100 the Nabis sought out their own personal paths. Two of these painters, Edouard Vuillard and Pierre Bonnard, form, color and content remained similar throughout their career.
Edouard Vuillard was born in 1868in Cuiseaux, a tiny French town near the Swiss border. At age nine, he moved with his family to Paris. His father, a retired army officer, died several years later, leaving his mother with three children and only a small income. She came from family of textile designers, and to make a living she first operated a lingerie shop and then a dressmaking business. Edouard lived with his mother, his greatest supporter, for her entire life. In 1888, Vuillard studied briefly at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts under Jean-Leon Gerome, but disliked the conservative approach. Along with the other Nabis, Vuillard first made small expressive paintings of interiors using flat
bands of color, then began adding detailed surface patterns to his work. By the turn of the century he was making striking, large-scale decorative wall paintings and folding screens, and later, portraits of prosperous French families. While Vuillard’s art remained figurative, his intense focus on the picture itself would foreshadow elements of abstraction in the twentieth century. Vuillard died at the beginning of World War II, just as the quiet, domestic world he had painted for so many years was about to be shattered.
Pierre Bonnard spent his childhood in the village of Le Grand-Lemps, which served as subject matter in his early paintings. While earning a law degree, Bonnard simultaneously attended art classes at the Academy Julian in Paris. There Bonnard worked in the most varied of formats, designing posters, book illustrations, sheet music, theater programs, stage sets, costumes, and stained glass windows, while also producing drawings and lithographs for newspapers and magazines and experimenting with photography. The diversity of his art reflects a profound philosophical unity. His aim from the beginning was to create a personal vision without convention. Bonnard’s thinking was accompanied by an obsession to recover his initial perception, what he later called, “finding again the first sensation.” This thinking carried on to all of his artwork until his death in 147 at the age of 80.
Edouard Vuillard’s “Foliage Oak Tree and Fruit Seller” was painted in 118 and is distemper on canvas. Vuillard painted this tapestry-like image for the Paris residence of art dealer George Bernheim. Here he is depicting the view from his mother’s second-floor bedroom in the villa Closerie des Genets at Vaucresson, a western suburb of Paris. The Vuillard family rented this villa every summer until 15. The heavily encrusted
paint surface of soft greens and blues forms a dense screen of foliage through which can be seen women, including the fruit seller of the title. Vuillard organized the complex patterns and shapes formed by leaves, branches, and fencing around the prominent tree trunk in the foreground. Vuillard began this painting during the final year of World War I.
Pierre Bonnard’s “Earthly Paradise” was painted between 116 and 10 and is oil on canvas. This richly colored canvas is one of four decorative panels commissioned for Gaston Bernheim. The lush outdoor setting is filled with Biblical allusions to Eden. The nude couple symbolized Adam and Eve surrounded by numerous animals including a monkey, birds, rabbits, and a snake. The implied tension between the remote and distant man and the seductively posed reclining woman suggests the Biblical fall from grace, and may also allude to a romance in Bonnard’s life. The painter communicated his smoldering vision of a lost paradise with the brilliant hues and fluid brushwork that date back to the impressionism.
Both “Earthly Paradise” and “ Foliage Oak Tree and Fruit Seller” are abstract paintings. While different artists painted these paintings, you would not know that by just looking at them. The brush stroke and use of color are very similar. Bonnard uses unusual colors for different objects. An example of this is the blue tree. Vuillard does the same with the purple background. Both painting are using nature and foliage as a form of paradise or escape from what is really going on in the world. While “Earthly Paradise” shows a type of heaven, “Foliage..” shows reality. Vuillard’s painting is of
what he saw while looking out his window. Bonnard’s painting is of what he wishes he saw outside his window.
While the settings of these painting may be different, both share the same meaning and purpose. The paintings were painted so the people looking at them would feel calm and happy. How can one not look at “Earthly Paradise” and not think about how the world or they’re own life should be? Both Bonnard and Vuillard belonged to the Nabis and were friends for many years. Because of these two paintings it is obvious that they each had an effect on one another. It is almost as though the same painter painted both. These painting are proof that the Nabis shared the same ideas regarding form, color, and content.
Mind that the sample papers like The Impressionists presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Friday 17 August 2012
English
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like English even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like English in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
How does Priestley make An Inspector Calls dramatic? Consider the inspector’s revelations, how the characters react and the importance of place in the play.
In ‘An Inspector Calls’ J.B Priestly uses a wide variety of techniques to add drama and interest, this was needed to maintain the audience’s attention throughout the performance.
The first section of the text is a very long and detailed paragraph of stage directions. This sets up the performance by firstly describing the location ‘The dining room of a fairly large suburban house.’ It then continues to go into more detail about the surroundings and the atmosphere they should create. ‘The general effect is substantial and heavily comfortable, but not cosy and home like.’ This amount of detail is necessary because it is needed to reflect the lifestyle and status of the family, who are themselves explained in detail further into the stage direction.
Initially it describes each person’s appearance; Mr Birling is described as ‘heavy looking’ and Shelia is called ‘a pretty girl’. It also continues to explain their attitudes; the most important is that of Mrs Birling; ‘She is a rather cold woman and her husband’s social superior.’ This is an important point to make clear at the start of the play as it wouldn’t necessarily come across simply through the dialogue. The final statement of the direction states what is happening currently in the scene where they ‘are celebrating a special occasion’. We later find out this to be the engagement of Shelia and Gerald.
This is the most prominent example of stage directions; others mostly just state the movements of the characters. This description of setting is important because of the importance of place through out the play. All of the play is based in the dining room of the Birling’s home. It is elaborately decorated, and would be recognised by people of the time as a n upper class family. The main reason for keeping the room constant is realised when the inspector is introduced. Firstly it becomes apparent that the inspector is an intruder in the Birling’s home. They are relaxed in familiar surroundings, it is their family home where they ultimately feel secure, and when the inspector introduces himself they begin to feel on edge this is shown best by the stage directions as Mr Birling replies to the inspector
Birling (after a pause, with a touch of impatience) well, what is it then?
By keeping the set of the play constant it gives the audience the feel that the characters are trapped by the dining room walls. As they have no idea what the rest of the house is like they can only envision them in one place. This aids the play in a lot of ways, because the sets are not changing through out the audience can focus on the storyline and characters instead of always having to look at the details of set and get an understanding of the location or relevance of surroundings. Also because of the limitations in set atmosphere is built up but isn’t lost as the centre of each scene doesn’t change at all. This works for the play because in makes the tension intense.
Further through the play it becomes an interest as to when a character leaves the room. The audience becomes interested into where they have gone, if they have fled the house or contacted some one else. Also a big point of interest is if the character will come back. This hesitance adds ambiguity which is a very successful dramatic technique.
The room could be symbolic to the main theme of responsibility. The idea is that the characters are all trapped inside so they can’t escape the control of the inspector, in the same what that they all have to realise they can’t escape their responsibilities.
Arguably the most dramatic sections of ‘An Inspector Calls’ are the inspector’s individual interrogations with each character. This drama is made more intense by the sole setting of the dining room. The all witness each others downfalls, people who they had respected are picked at until they admit their own terrible secrets. As well as making everyone nervous it makes the interrogation seem even more awful to the individual as they see how accurate the inspector is.
The first person the inspector targets is Mr. Birling this is a tactical move on the inspectors behalf as he reveals Mr. Birling’s unfair treatment towards his workhouse staff appals his family. This means they lose all respect they had for him, therefore he loses his powerful role of leader over the group. But this role needs to be replaced especially as the family are in the midst of such traumatic times, and so the most dominant person takes over, in this case the inspector. This works well because the more venerable characters, particularly Shelia feel the need to be totally honest to him, making the stories more detailed and dramatic.
The inspector’s main interrogation technique could be generalised under the title of ambiguity. When he first arrives he is very vague as to why he is at the Birling’s home. ‘I’d like some information, if you don’t mind.’ Because of his confidence the family do not doubt his authenticity and continue to speak to him. The audience would realise this and be interested to find out why he has chosen the Birling’s. The most striking use of ambiguity is the way he presents a photograph to each character. At no point does he show more than one person the photograph. This leaves us with the suspicion that he could be showing photographs of totally different girls. Also the inspector could be using the two names of the girl as a way to include the whole family in the interrogation. This adds drama to the play through the use of irony; the audience have the suspicion that the inspector’s claims may be fraudulent but the characters don’t realise.
The language he uses also leaves a lot of space for the characters own interpretation. ‘I think you remember Eva Smith now don’t you Mr. Birling?’ Their responses are then tailored to what they believe the inspector to be interested in. This shows the audience how much guilt they are feeling, as before their answers would be carefully thought out. He also persuades the characters to admit by urging them on ‘Go on.’ this gives them the impression that he is hearing the response he expected and wants them to continue so they reveal more detail, only shocking their family members and the audience rather than the inspector. Also a lot of the descriptions the inspector gives the language is very melodramatic ‘a young woman drank some disinfectant and died, after several hours of agony.’ This is a very graphic description for a police officer to give, but the idea is to provoke an instant reaction of shock without having to reveal too much description so as not to let out his plan of action. This also makes powerful images in the midst of the audience it give an instant interest into how the family are connected to such a shocking incident. Along with this use of melodramatic language rhetorical questions are used regularly amidst his questionings. When he is speaking to Gerald about his involvement he quickly adds ‘well, we know one young woman who wasn’t, don’t we.’ As well as comparing the dead Eva Smith to Gerald’s sister the inspector also catches him out, giving him no chance for a response. This gives the audience an example of the atmosphere in the room, making the tension and so also the drama increase.
The whole play is based on a moral, of responsibility. After the audience has realised that the Inspector may not be all he claims they consider why he has visited the Birling’s. It seems as if his aim is to make them realise the fact that they have responsibility for people other than themselves. We also realise that it’s necessary for the younger generation, in this case Shelia and Eric to change the way they act, before they become set in their ways, the extreme version of this shown through Mr. Birling.
This moral is shown mainly through a comparison of reactions to the inspector. Mr. Birling is determined to believe that he has done no wrong, and that his social status means he should not need to worry. He try’s to pass off responsibility by refusing to focus on the situation, but instead making general comments;
‘Still I can’t accept any responsibility. If we were all responsible for everything that happened to everybody we’d had anything to do with, it would be very awkward, wouldn’t it?’
This attitude makes the audience dislike Mr. Birling because his view seems to be instantly at fault. This character works well because his attitude seems to be worsened by the fact that there are family members who realise their own, and everyone else’s mistakes. Shelia is the prime example of this, she is instantly worried about her families connection to the death of Eva Smith ‘Sorry! It’s just that I can’t help thinking about this girl- destroying herself so horribly � and I’ve been so happy tonight.’ And when she is told she herself has connections with Eva she is even more concerned; ‘I’ve told my father � he didn’t seem to think it amounted to much � but I felt rotten about it at the time and now I feel a lot worse. Did it make much difference to her?’
After the whole family have been subject to questioning they all start to deal out the blame. This is when we really see the characters who do not want to accept responsibility, such as Mr Birling. He tells Eric it is his fault, ‘You don’t seem to care about anything. But I was almost certain for a knighthood in the next honours list.’ Mrs Birling only defends her husband ‘I should think not. Eric, I’m absolutely ashamed of you.’ The comparison of views is used again, the strong views of Mr and Mrs Birling make Sheila and Eric’s opinions seem even more accurate. Eric is clear to understand the importance of what has happened. ‘I say the girls dead and we all helped to kill her � and that’s what matters.’ The audience realise that this is the right attitude to have so instantly side with Eric, making Birling’s fit of rage seem even more arrogant to the audience.
It could be viewed that restricting the play to one room affects it dramatically. This could be because of the loss of interest in the surroundings through the play, as there is no contrast to keep the audience engaged. But in my opinion this works for the play because you begin to become accustomed to the surroundings and begin to focus on the action in the play instead. The characters work well together as a whole as there is a variety of characters. This enables the audience to view contrasts between their reactions to their own and each others secrets.
Over all I think the play is successfully dramatic because of the wide use of techniques priestly uses. It is important to keep the audiences attention throughout the whole duration of the play and this is done by the use of language and an intriguing plot. Drama is introduced by involving irony and ambiguity along with twits and turns in the plot. As a text it could be viewed as over the top, but it must be realised that it is planned for the stage and so needs the ambiance and environment of the theatre.
Mind that the sample papers like English presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
How does Priestley make An Inspector Calls dramatic? Consider the inspector’s revelations, how the characters react and the importance of place in the play.
In ‘An Inspector Calls’ J.B Priestly uses a wide variety of techniques to add drama and interest, this was needed to maintain the audience’s attention throughout the performance.
The first section of the text is a very long and detailed paragraph of stage directions. This sets up the performance by firstly describing the location ‘The dining room of a fairly large suburban house.’ It then continues to go into more detail about the surroundings and the atmosphere they should create. ‘The general effect is substantial and heavily comfortable, but not cosy and home like.’ This amount of detail is necessary because it is needed to reflect the lifestyle and status of the family, who are themselves explained in detail further into the stage direction.
Initially it describes each person’s appearance; Mr Birling is described as ‘heavy looking’ and Shelia is called ‘a pretty girl’. It also continues to explain their attitudes; the most important is that of Mrs Birling; ‘She is a rather cold woman and her husband’s social superior.’ This is an important point to make clear at the start of the play as it wouldn’t necessarily come across simply through the dialogue. The final statement of the direction states what is happening currently in the scene where they ‘are celebrating a special occasion’. We later find out this to be the engagement of Shelia and Gerald.
This is the most prominent example of stage directions; others mostly just state the movements of the characters. This description of setting is important because of the importance of place through out the play. All of the play is based in the dining room of the Birling’s home. It is elaborately decorated, and would be recognised by people of the time as a n upper class family. The main reason for keeping the room constant is realised when the inspector is introduced. Firstly it becomes apparent that the inspector is an intruder in the Birling’s home. They are relaxed in familiar surroundings, it is their family home where they ultimately feel secure, and when the inspector introduces himself they begin to feel on edge this is shown best by the stage directions as Mr Birling replies to the inspector
Birling (after a pause, with a touch of impatience) well, what is it then?
By keeping the set of the play constant it gives the audience the feel that the characters are trapped by the dining room walls. As they have no idea what the rest of the house is like they can only envision them in one place. This aids the play in a lot of ways, because the sets are not changing through out the audience can focus on the storyline and characters instead of always having to look at the details of set and get an understanding of the location or relevance of surroundings. Also because of the limitations in set atmosphere is built up but isn’t lost as the centre of each scene doesn’t change at all. This works for the play because in makes the tension intense.
Further through the play it becomes an interest as to when a character leaves the room. The audience becomes interested into where they have gone, if they have fled the house or contacted some one else. Also a big point of interest is if the character will come back. This hesitance adds ambiguity which is a very successful dramatic technique.
The room could be symbolic to the main theme of responsibility. The idea is that the characters are all trapped inside so they can’t escape the control of the inspector, in the same what that they all have to realise they can’t escape their responsibilities.
Arguably the most dramatic sections of ‘An Inspector Calls’ are the inspector’s individual interrogations with each character. This drama is made more intense by the sole setting of the dining room. The all witness each others downfalls, people who they had respected are picked at until they admit their own terrible secrets. As well as making everyone nervous it makes the interrogation seem even more awful to the individual as they see how accurate the inspector is.
The first person the inspector targets is Mr. Birling this is a tactical move on the inspectors behalf as he reveals Mr. Birling’s unfair treatment towards his workhouse staff appals his family. This means they lose all respect they had for him, therefore he loses his powerful role of leader over the group. But this role needs to be replaced especially as the family are in the midst of such traumatic times, and so the most dominant person takes over, in this case the inspector. This works well because the more venerable characters, particularly Shelia feel the need to be totally honest to him, making the stories more detailed and dramatic.
The inspector’s main interrogation technique could be generalised under the title of ambiguity. When he first arrives he is very vague as to why he is at the Birling’s home. ‘I’d like some information, if you don’t mind.’ Because of his confidence the family do not doubt his authenticity and continue to speak to him. The audience would realise this and be interested to find out why he has chosen the Birling’s. The most striking use of ambiguity is the way he presents a photograph to each character. At no point does he show more than one person the photograph. This leaves us with the suspicion that he could be showing photographs of totally different girls. Also the inspector could be using the two names of the girl as a way to include the whole family in the interrogation. This adds drama to the play through the use of irony; the audience have the suspicion that the inspector’s claims may be fraudulent but the characters don’t realise.
The language he uses also leaves a lot of space for the characters own interpretation. ‘I think you remember Eva Smith now don’t you Mr. Birling?’ Their responses are then tailored to what they believe the inspector to be interested in. This shows the audience how much guilt they are feeling, as before their answers would be carefully thought out. He also persuades the characters to admit by urging them on ‘Go on.’ this gives them the impression that he is hearing the response he expected and wants them to continue so they reveal more detail, only shocking their family members and the audience rather than the inspector. Also a lot of the descriptions the inspector gives the language is very melodramatic ‘a young woman drank some disinfectant and died, after several hours of agony.’ This is a very graphic description for a police officer to give, but the idea is to provoke an instant reaction of shock without having to reveal too much description so as not to let out his plan of action. This also makes powerful images in the midst of the audience it give an instant interest into how the family are connected to such a shocking incident. Along with this use of melodramatic language rhetorical questions are used regularly amidst his questionings. When he is speaking to Gerald about his involvement he quickly adds ‘well, we know one young woman who wasn’t, don’t we.’ As well as comparing the dead Eva Smith to Gerald’s sister the inspector also catches him out, giving him no chance for a response. This gives the audience an example of the atmosphere in the room, making the tension and so also the drama increase.
The whole play is based on a moral, of responsibility. After the audience has realised that the Inspector may not be all he claims they consider why he has visited the Birling’s. It seems as if his aim is to make them realise the fact that they have responsibility for people other than themselves. We also realise that it’s necessary for the younger generation, in this case Shelia and Eric to change the way they act, before they become set in their ways, the extreme version of this shown through Mr. Birling.
This moral is shown mainly through a comparison of reactions to the inspector. Mr. Birling is determined to believe that he has done no wrong, and that his social status means he should not need to worry. He try’s to pass off responsibility by refusing to focus on the situation, but instead making general comments;
‘Still I can’t accept any responsibility. If we were all responsible for everything that happened to everybody we’d had anything to do with, it would be very awkward, wouldn’t it?’
This attitude makes the audience dislike Mr. Birling because his view seems to be instantly at fault. This character works well because his attitude seems to be worsened by the fact that there are family members who realise their own, and everyone else’s mistakes. Shelia is the prime example of this, she is instantly worried about her families connection to the death of Eva Smith ‘Sorry! It’s just that I can’t help thinking about this girl- destroying herself so horribly � and I’ve been so happy tonight.’ And when she is told she herself has connections with Eva she is even more concerned; ‘I’ve told my father � he didn’t seem to think it amounted to much � but I felt rotten about it at the time and now I feel a lot worse. Did it make much difference to her?’
After the whole family have been subject to questioning they all start to deal out the blame. This is when we really see the characters who do not want to accept responsibility, such as Mr Birling. He tells Eric it is his fault, ‘You don’t seem to care about anything. But I was almost certain for a knighthood in the next honours list.’ Mrs Birling only defends her husband ‘I should think not. Eric, I’m absolutely ashamed of you.’ The comparison of views is used again, the strong views of Mr and Mrs Birling make Sheila and Eric’s opinions seem even more accurate. Eric is clear to understand the importance of what has happened. ‘I say the girls dead and we all helped to kill her � and that’s what matters.’ The audience realise that this is the right attitude to have so instantly side with Eric, making Birling’s fit of rage seem even more arrogant to the audience.
It could be viewed that restricting the play to one room affects it dramatically. This could be because of the loss of interest in the surroundings through the play, as there is no contrast to keep the audience engaged. But in my opinion this works for the play because you begin to become accustomed to the surroundings and begin to focus on the action in the play instead. The characters work well together as a whole as there is a variety of characters. This enables the audience to view contrasts between their reactions to their own and each others secrets.
Over all I think the play is successfully dramatic because of the wide use of techniques priestly uses. It is important to keep the audiences attention throughout the whole duration of the play and this is done by the use of language and an intriguing plot. Drama is introduced by involving irony and ambiguity along with twits and turns in the plot. As a text it could be viewed as over the top, but it must be realised that it is planned for the stage and so needs the ambiance and environment of the theatre.
Mind that the sample papers like English presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Thursday 16 August 2012
MEM Company, Inc.
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Issue
How to increase sales of the company¡¦s line of men¡¦s toiletries.
Discussion
Gary Mayer, president of MEM Company Inc. and other MEM executives believed that periodic new product introductions were essential in the men¡¦s toiletries market to maintain consumer and trade interest and to sustain sales growth. It had been over two years since Racquet Club had been introduced in 178. A new brand, tentatively name Cambridge, was under consideration for introduction in 181.
Mayer believed Cambridge would gain sales primarily at the expense of British Sterling and other brands in the $7 to $10 range.
Yet, the level of advertising expenditures which would support a Cambridge introduction was still unresolved. The company¡¦s advertising agency had been asked to develop three media plans for high, medium and low expenditure. Mayer believed that the lowest expenditure level represented the minimum necessary to achieve this 181 target of $ million in factory sales.
Not all MEM executives were enthusiastic about the Cambridge program. Some argued that even the lowest of the media budgets was unaffordable and that the level of advertising needed to launch the new brand could be greatly reduced if the well-known English Leather name was included both on the packages and in the advertising. These executives wished to call the brand ¡§Cambridge by English Leather.¡¨
Other believed that the potential of Racquet Club had not yet been exhausted and that other new product in the medium-price range would be wasteful. They pointed out that Racquet Club¡¦s initial sales were made largely at the expense of Lime, Musk, Timberline, and Wind Drift, because many retailers, especially chain drug buyers, had not been willing to provide additional shelf facings for MEM products.
Some of those who favored a product launch believed that MEM should give first priority to a low-priced brand to penetrate food stores. During 170s, many major food chains merged with or established their own drugstore chains. As a result, their direct buying from men¡¦s toiletries manufacturers increased. Mayer knew that food chains typically stocked only the high-turnover items in a product line and that they pressed for frequent trade deals and year-around national television advertising. He wondered, however, whether the MEM sales force should now attempt to sell to the major food chains, particularly those that emphasized assortment and service rather than low prices. If he proceeded in this direction Mayer wondered which, if any, items in the six existing lines should be offered to the food chains or whether a new brand would be more acceptable.
On December 0, 180, Mayer learned that Shulton was planning to launch its first new brand of men¡¦s toiletries since the introduction of Old Spice in 16. Under the brand name Blue Stratos, and after-shave and cologne would be available for shipment to the trade in March 181, to be followed by a bath soap, stick deodorant, shave cream, and body talc, a 4-ouchce bottle of cologne would carry a suggested retail price of around $10. The advertising would feature the slogan ¡§Unleash the sprit¡¨ and use a hang gliding motif to symbolize the freedom and adventure of the sky. Shulton announced that the Blue Stratos national rollout would be supported by a $1 million communications budget targeted at all men aged 18 to 4.
Recognizing that Blue Stratos was targeted at the same market as Cambridge, Mayer wondered whether he should cancel or delay the Cambridge introduction and commit his entire 181 communications budget to reinforcing the six existing lines.
Alternatives
1. A new brand, named Cambridge, to be introduced in 181.
„U In the medium-price range ($7 to $10).
„U The low expenditure level of advertising expenditures which would support a Cambridge introduction.
. To include well-known English Leather name, both, on the packages and in the advertising. To call the brand ¡§Cambridge by English Leather.
. Commit the entire 181 communications budget to reinforcing the six existing lines.
4. Priority to a low-priced brand to penetrate food stores
Analysis of Alternatives
1. Proceeding with introducing the new brand ¡§Cambridge¡¨ in the medium-price range will adversely affect the existing brand ¡§Racquet Club¡¨ targeted at the same market age segment (18 ¡V 4) and medium price range ($7 - $10).
The potential of Racquet Club had not yet been exhausted and that other new product in the medium-price range would be wasteful.
Moreover, it will affect the sale of existing brand such as Lime, Musk, Timberline, and Wind Drift, because many retailers, especially chain drug buyers, had not been willing to provide additional shelf facings for MEM products.
Even the highest media plan with budget of $,000,000 for the launch of new product is no match with the advertising budget of the Shulton¡¦s Blue Stratos national rollout to be supported by a $1,000,000 budget targeted at all men aged 18 to 4.
. This was a good solution if Shulton was not launching Blue Stratos with such a massive budget. Since it would have reinforced the ¡§English Leather¡¨ brand and directly and indirectly will increase visibility for all the product line of MEM.
. Would recommend committing the entire 181 communications budget to reinforcing the six existing lines.
4. Would recommend penetration of a low-priced brand into the food stores.
Recommendations
Propose to MEM management to commit the entire 181 budget to reinforce the six existing lines and to penetrate the low-priced lines (English Leather, Racquet club - based on price and recognition) into the food stores.
To increase sales focus on Department stores since there is only .% of its total sales share (mainly gift packs, Acqua di Selva, Racquet Club).
To increase sales focus on Mass merchandisers & discount stores, since there are still 4000 stores with no MEM presence. MEM could push for rack space in the stores where it is not present.
To increase sales focus on Chain drugstores since there are still 4,500 stores with no MEM presence.
Closing Note
Please refer to the financial analysis attached.
If MEM did decide to follow the recommendations, it will have a brand new market of Food Stores with estimated market potential of $ millions. Moreover, the MEM sales team is highly versatile and experienced and is one of the best in the industry.
Chain and independent drugstores have a potential market of $14 millions.
Mass merchandisers and discount stores have a market potential of $64 millions.
And English Leather has strong presence and growing in these two sectors.
Financial Analysis (Based on 17 data)
Mens Toiletries for Three Classes of Trade, 17 (dollars in millions)
Market Options for After-shave and Cologne Retail Dollar Sales Market Share MEMs Percentage MEMs Share
Chain and independent drugstores $ 14.00 61% 14.50% $ .00
Mass merchandisers and discount stores $ 64.00 6% 1.70% $ 8.00
Food Stores $ .00 1% 0% $ 0.00
Total $ 46.00
„U Total Toiletries Market = Total dollar value of After-shave and Cologne retail sale/Percent of the After-shave and Cologne market of total toiletries market.
„U Total Toiletries Market = 46/.8 = $00,000,000.00
„U Dollar Value of After-shave and Cologne in Food Store Market = $ millions
„U Dollar Value of Mens toiletries in Food Store Market (assuming same percentage of the total market share as that of its percentage in the After-shave and Cologne market = 00 millions x 1% = millions
„U Dollar Value of MEM share in Food Store Market = $0 millions
„U Percentage market share of the competitive brands in the Food Store Market = 6.6%
„U Dollar Value of the Market Opportunity for MEM in the Food Store Market = $ millions x 6.4% = $14 millions
„U Department stores
o Number of Headquarters Account Sold = 17
o Number of retail outlets penetrated = 00
o Estimated Total Number of Retail Outlets = 000
o Percentage of Total MEM Dollar Sales = .%
„U Mass merchandisers & discount stores
o Number of Headquarters Account Sold = 5
o Number of retail outlets penetrated = 6,000
o Estimated Total Number of Retail Outlets = 10,000
o Percentage of Total MEM Dollar Sales = .8%
„U Chain drugstores
o Number of Headquarters Account Sold = 56
o Number of retail outlets penetrated = 6,000
o Estimated Total Number of Retail Outlets = ,500
o Percentage of Total MEM Dollar Sales = .%
Mind that the sample papers like MEM Company, Inc. presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Issue
How to increase sales of the company¡¦s line of men¡¦s toiletries.
Discussion
Gary Mayer, president of MEM Company Inc. and other MEM executives believed that periodic new product introductions were essential in the men¡¦s toiletries market to maintain consumer and trade interest and to sustain sales growth. It had been over two years since Racquet Club had been introduced in 178. A new brand, tentatively name Cambridge, was under consideration for introduction in 181.
Mayer believed Cambridge would gain sales primarily at the expense of British Sterling and other brands in the $7 to $10 range.
Yet, the level of advertising expenditures which would support a Cambridge introduction was still unresolved. The company¡¦s advertising agency had been asked to develop three media plans for high, medium and low expenditure. Mayer believed that the lowest expenditure level represented the minimum necessary to achieve this 181 target of $ million in factory sales.
Not all MEM executives were enthusiastic about the Cambridge program. Some argued that even the lowest of the media budgets was unaffordable and that the level of advertising needed to launch the new brand could be greatly reduced if the well-known English Leather name was included both on the packages and in the advertising. These executives wished to call the brand ¡§Cambridge by English Leather.¡¨
Other believed that the potential of Racquet Club had not yet been exhausted and that other new product in the medium-price range would be wasteful. They pointed out that Racquet Club¡¦s initial sales were made largely at the expense of Lime, Musk, Timberline, and Wind Drift, because many retailers, especially chain drug buyers, had not been willing to provide additional shelf facings for MEM products.
Some of those who favored a product launch believed that MEM should give first priority to a low-priced brand to penetrate food stores. During 170s, many major food chains merged with or established their own drugstore chains. As a result, their direct buying from men¡¦s toiletries manufacturers increased. Mayer knew that food chains typically stocked only the high-turnover items in a product line and that they pressed for frequent trade deals and year-around national television advertising. He wondered, however, whether the MEM sales force should now attempt to sell to the major food chains, particularly those that emphasized assortment and service rather than low prices. If he proceeded in this direction Mayer wondered which, if any, items in the six existing lines should be offered to the food chains or whether a new brand would be more acceptable.
On December 0, 180, Mayer learned that Shulton was planning to launch its first new brand of men¡¦s toiletries since the introduction of Old Spice in 16. Under the brand name Blue Stratos, and after-shave and cologne would be available for shipment to the trade in March 181, to be followed by a bath soap, stick deodorant, shave cream, and body talc, a 4-ouchce bottle of cologne would carry a suggested retail price of around $10. The advertising would feature the slogan ¡§Unleash the sprit¡¨ and use a hang gliding motif to symbolize the freedom and adventure of the sky. Shulton announced that the Blue Stratos national rollout would be supported by a $1 million communications budget targeted at all men aged 18 to 4.
Recognizing that Blue Stratos was targeted at the same market as Cambridge, Mayer wondered whether he should cancel or delay the Cambridge introduction and commit his entire 181 communications budget to reinforcing the six existing lines.
Alternatives
1. A new brand, named Cambridge, to be introduced in 181.
„U In the medium-price range ($7 to $10).
„U The low expenditure level of advertising expenditures which would support a Cambridge introduction.
. To include well-known English Leather name, both, on the packages and in the advertising. To call the brand ¡§Cambridge by English Leather.
. Commit the entire 181 communications budget to reinforcing the six existing lines.
4. Priority to a low-priced brand to penetrate food stores
Analysis of Alternatives
1. Proceeding with introducing the new brand ¡§Cambridge¡¨ in the medium-price range will adversely affect the existing brand ¡§Racquet Club¡¨ targeted at the same market age segment (18 ¡V 4) and medium price range ($7 - $10).
The potential of Racquet Club had not yet been exhausted and that other new product in the medium-price range would be wasteful.
Moreover, it will affect the sale of existing brand such as Lime, Musk, Timberline, and Wind Drift, because many retailers, especially chain drug buyers, had not been willing to provide additional shelf facings for MEM products.
Even the highest media plan with budget of $,000,000 for the launch of new product is no match with the advertising budget of the Shulton¡¦s Blue Stratos national rollout to be supported by a $1,000,000 budget targeted at all men aged 18 to 4.
. This was a good solution if Shulton was not launching Blue Stratos with such a massive budget. Since it would have reinforced the ¡§English Leather¡¨ brand and directly and indirectly will increase visibility for all the product line of MEM.
. Would recommend committing the entire 181 communications budget to reinforcing the six existing lines.
4. Would recommend penetration of a low-priced brand into the food stores.
Recommendations
Propose to MEM management to commit the entire 181 budget to reinforce the six existing lines and to penetrate the low-priced lines (English Leather, Racquet club - based on price and recognition) into the food stores.
To increase sales focus on Department stores since there is only .% of its total sales share (mainly gift packs, Acqua di Selva, Racquet Club).
To increase sales focus on Mass merchandisers & discount stores, since there are still 4000 stores with no MEM presence. MEM could push for rack space in the stores where it is not present.
To increase sales focus on Chain drugstores since there are still 4,500 stores with no MEM presence.
Closing Note
Please refer to the financial analysis attached.
If MEM did decide to follow the recommendations, it will have a brand new market of Food Stores with estimated market potential of $ millions. Moreover, the MEM sales team is highly versatile and experienced and is one of the best in the industry.
Chain and independent drugstores have a potential market of $14 millions.
Mass merchandisers and discount stores have a market potential of $64 millions.
And English Leather has strong presence and growing in these two sectors.
Financial Analysis (Based on 17 data)
Mens Toiletries for Three Classes of Trade, 17 (dollars in millions)
Market Options for After-shave and Cologne Retail Dollar Sales Market Share MEMs Percentage MEMs Share
Chain and independent drugstores $ 14.00 61% 14.50% $ .00
Mass merchandisers and discount stores $ 64.00 6% 1.70% $ 8.00
Food Stores $ .00 1% 0% $ 0.00
Total $ 46.00
„U Total Toiletries Market = Total dollar value of After-shave and Cologne retail sale/Percent of the After-shave and Cologne market of total toiletries market.
„U Total Toiletries Market = 46/.8 = $00,000,000.00
„U Dollar Value of After-shave and Cologne in Food Store Market = $ millions
„U Dollar Value of Mens toiletries in Food Store Market (assuming same percentage of the total market share as that of its percentage in the After-shave and Cologne market = 00 millions x 1% = millions
„U Dollar Value of MEM share in Food Store Market = $0 millions
„U Percentage market share of the competitive brands in the Food Store Market = 6.6%
„U Dollar Value of the Market Opportunity for MEM in the Food Store Market = $ millions x 6.4% = $14 millions
„U Department stores
o Number of Headquarters Account Sold = 17
o Number of retail outlets penetrated = 00
o Estimated Total Number of Retail Outlets = 000
o Percentage of Total MEM Dollar Sales = .%
„U Mass merchandisers & discount stores
o Number of Headquarters Account Sold = 5
o Number of retail outlets penetrated = 6,000
o Estimated Total Number of Retail Outlets = 10,000
o Percentage of Total MEM Dollar Sales = .8%
„U Chain drugstores
o Number of Headquarters Account Sold = 56
o Number of retail outlets penetrated = 6,000
o Estimated Total Number of Retail Outlets = ,500
o Percentage of Total MEM Dollar Sales = .%
Mind that the sample papers like MEM Company, Inc. presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
tcl
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like tcl even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like tcl in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Strategic HRM in TCL
The 4th Largest Electronic Co. in China
TCL Corporation is a comprehensive, large-scale state- owned enterprise, established in 181. In. years, TCL has grown from a small audio cassette factory to an enterprise with annual sales in excess of RMB 0 billion. TCL is well known in China and abroad and has developed in many areas such as multimedia electronics, home electronics appliances, telecommunication equipment, information components, and electronics components. Moreover, TCL has undergone a period of substantial progress, and is one of the fastest-growing major industry manufactures, having racked up a compound annual growth rate of 47 % in the past decade. Today, it leads in all the four key industries. As a whole, TCL is ranked fourth in a rating China¡¦s 100 prestigious Electronics & IT enterprises and TCL brand value in 00 reached RMB18.76 billion. In 00, the TCL Group had total sales of RMB 1.billion and export revenues came to US $1.16 billion. TCL also generated a profit of RMB 1.5 billion in 00, and paid RMB1. billion in taxes.
TCL has formed its own core market concept and management mechanism by initiating new market initiatives, such as ¡§well-planned market promotion¡¨, ¡§hard-working¡¨, ¡§thousand-shop project¡¨, and ¡§service-based marketing¡¨. Through 10-year¡¦s non-stop efforts and taking the leading position in the market, TCL with 10000 professional distribution staff- who have established an extensive nationwide sales and distribution network with a computerization progress that reaches across the whole country incorporating over 0 branches, and has set up overseas sales offices or business representative offices over 10 countries. TCL is currently expanding it¡¦s brand colour TV operations in Vietnam , India and Germany and this speeds up exploration of overseas market and consolidates its corporate development,. TCL is extending his presence in multimedia TV, telecommunication , information and electric components fields. From 16, TCL successively acquired Hong Kong Luk¡¦s Enterprise in the colour television project, Henan Meile Electronics Inc, Mongolia Caihong TV Co., WuXi Yonggu TV Co., and Zhongshan Suohua air-conditioner factory which further developed and expanded TCL product scale. The objective of TCL is to become a world-class enterprise in the context of a global economy in future 10 years.
TCL corporate philosophy is to ¡§provide value for customers, opportunities for employees and benefits for society¡¨, and the enterprise principles are ¡§dedication, sincerity, teamwork, and innovation¡¨. With ¡§developing the best product, providing the best service and creating the best brand name¡¨ as the company¡¦s competition strategy, 40000 TCL people will well position for ¡§innovation & Technology¡¨ and persevere in constructing and creating management system.
How TCL grew into a big corporation from a small unit? This did not happen easily. Looking into its history and its leader, we can see its success have been woven with lots of strategic thoughts and practice. I can say that TCL is a good example to apply HRM well in reality.
What is HRM?
HRM started from 160 and from 170s and 180s, it became increasingly apparent. While UK and US¡¥s industry were failing to compete effectively at an international level, Japanese manufacturers started to penetrate the market. HRM started to cause more and more concern in the worldwide sense. Let¡¦s see how Human resource management (HRM)¡¦s definition. It is described by Beret Al (184)
Human resource management involves all management decisions and actions that affect the relationship between the organization and employees-its human resources.
A further definition is provided by Pettigrew and Whipp (11) who suggest that
HRM relates to the total set of knowledge, skills and attitudes that firms need to compete. It involves concern for and action in the management of people, including selection, training and development, employee relations and compensation. Such actions may be bound together by the creation of an HRM philosophy.
The definition was divided into by Story (187), one is ¡§hard¡¨, and another is called ¡§soft¡¨. Let¡¦s see any difference between them. It will help us understand HRM more.
The ¡§hard¡¨ version emphasized the ¡§quantitative, calculative and business strategic aspects of managing the head count resource in as ¡§natural¡¨ a way as for any other economic factor¡¨. Thus, employees are treated as just another part of the input-output equation. Hard HRM strategies are concerned with improving employee utilization (the cost effective approach) and getting them to accept that their interests coincide with those of the organization (the unitary approach). Re-sourcing strategies and practices will aim to recruit and develop employees who ¡§fit¡¨ the organization¡¦s culture. A hard HRM industrial relations strategy will develop direct links with individuals and groups of workers, and may bypass the trade unions and their representatives. In this extreme version, hard HRM will deliberately aim to marginalize trade unions (or do without them altogether). Employees will be involved in the improvement of quality and productivity, but are unlikely to participate in business decision making. This ¡§hard¡¨ version therefore stresses the management aspect of HRM.
The ¡§soft¡¨ version emphasizes communication, motivation and leader-ship. It is concerned with developing what Handy (18) call a ¡§culture of consent¡¨ and recognizes that employees cannot be treated just like any of the other resources because, unlike them, people feel and react. There is more emphasis on strategies for gaining commitment by informing employees about the company¡¦s mission, values, plan and trading conditions, involving them in how work should be organized, and grouping them in self-managing teams, A pluralist view is taken which recognizes that the needs of employees will not always coincide with those of the organization, and care is taken to balance the respective needs, so far as this possible. If there are unions, it is recognized that they have a part to play in representing the collective interests of employees, but the company maintains it s right to communicate directly to individuals.
The ¡§soft¡¨ HRM is broadly accepted and practice. And this led to a ¡§map of HRM territory¡¨, the core of which Beer et al. refer to as the ¡§four C¡¦s¡¨
„X Competence of employees
„X Commitment of employees
„X Congruence between the goals of employees and those of the organization.
„X Cost effectiveness of HRM practices.
A summary of these factors gives a good flavour of what this approach entails.
„X High commitment means that employees will be motivated to ¡§hear, understand, and respond¡¨ to management¡¦s communications relating to the organization of work. The resulting mutual trust enables managements message to be more believable to employees and to enable management to be responsive to employee¡¦s legitimate concerns as stakeholders¡¨ (Beer et al. 1846)
„X High competence creates a positive attitude towards learning and development and , thereby, gives employees the ¡§versatility in skills and the perspective to take one new roles and jobs as needed¡¨ (p.6)
„X Cost effectiveness ¡§means that the organization¡¦s human resource costs-wages, benefits and indirect costs such as strikes, turnover, and grievances have been kept equal or less than competitors¡¨¡K only a continual process of mutual influence about the realities of the business and the needs of employees can bring about this outcome¡¨(p.6)
„X Higher congruence is a reflection of polices and practices which bring about a higher coincidence of interests among management, shareholders and workers¡¨ (p.6) a situation encouraged by forms of employee influence which, in turn, reduce adversarial relations.
We should not overlook the philosophy of the HRM .Lets see how the influential Harvard School, as represented by Beer and Spector (185), express its philosophy
We believe that a set of basic assumptions can be identified that underlie the policies that we have over served to be part of the HRM transformation. The new assumptions are
Proactive system-wide interventions, with emphasis on fit, linking HRM with strategic planning and cultural change;
„� People are social capital capable of development;
„� Coincidence of interest between stakeholders can be developed;
„� Power equalization is sought for trust and collaboration;
„� Open channels of communication to build trust and commitment
„� Goal orientation; Participation and informed choice
Upon this philosophy, they treat employees as valued assets, emphasize on commitment rather than on compliance and value strategy and culture.
The aim of HRM will let us know better how to use HRM properly in an organization. The aim of HRM is
o To enable management to achieve organization objectives through its workforce
o To utilize people to their full capacity and potential;
o To foster commitment from individuals to the success of the company through a quality orientation in their performance and that of the whole organization(Guest 187);
o To integrate human resource policies with business plans and reinforce an appropriate culture or , as necessary, reshape an inappropriate culture;
o To develop a coherent set of personnel and employment policies which jointly reinforce the organization¡¦s strategies for matching resources to business needs and improving performance;
o To establish an environment in which the latent creativity and energy of employees will be unleashed;
o To create conditions in which innovation, team working and total quality can flourish.
o To encourage willingness to operate flexibly in the interests of the adaptive organization and the pursuit of excellence.
There is the nature of the linkage between HRM and business strategy . Only these two ¡¥s integration will have the deep effect in a big corporation. The following formulation will help us to understand it much thoroughly
External Environment & Internal Environment
Strategic Formulation
The organization¡¦s vision, mission and values convey to employees answers to questions such as Where are we going? Why are we going there? And how will we get there? The answers to these questions are of major importance when managing human resources. Consequently, the HR leader and staff need to be involved in the creation, maintenance and revision of the organizational vision, mission, values and general strategy. HR professionals help ensure that other managers behave in ways that are consistent with the corporate vision, mission and values. They also can facilitate their inclusion in the in definition and articulation of the strategic business issues and objectives
TCL is the example of practising the soft model HRM and they know that it is easy to say to produce the first-class world products but in reality there are so many strategies and so much various effort have to put it to materialize the goal - just as we build up a building not only with the blueprint and it needs the concrete, water, bricks ... In order to reach the goal ,the chairman MR. Li led the delegation several times to Japan, America , Europe many countries to gain others countries experience and the strategies . TCL consulted the foreign consultancy companies and experts to diagnose their company. Soon after they have got the ideas, they formed the group of experts and professors of all over the country to study how to put strategic HRM into practice and let it align with their objectives, The following strategies are part of TCL¡¦ s practice
To Build Employee Capabilities,
Competency Identification and Development
TCL recognizes the importance of developing employee competence in support of its values and the achievement of its strategies. HR has facilitated the development of a competency method for TCL top leadership which is fully supported by the senior management team and is actively used in recruitment, selection, development and performance. They set a booth in the human resource market in Guangzhou to recruit the staff according to what they need such as the graduates from university, excellent engineers from north and overseas MBA students with the new ideas and new styles. They put them in the training course for three month and let them understand the company¡¦s strategy and the process of procedures after they have been accepted. They set up an activity called ¡§To be TCL people¡¨ and let the employees feel proud of working in TCL.
TCL believes that participation decision-making is a crucial ingredient in the process of facilitating ¡§ownership¡¨ among employees provides the company with a potential source of competitive advantage and heightens the quality of decision-making. TCL gives its employee-owners significant information about the ongoing financial condition of the business .They published they own newspaper in which were financial report, latest news and the development of the company.
To Build Employee Commitment,
The vision for Corporate Community
The leader of TCL often uses the Chinese old saying that the water can carry the boat but it also can capsize the boat. He refers the water is the employees and the boat is the company. So the quality of the employees is very crucial to the success of the company. To build up the employee¡¦s loyalty and commitment to the company is the must way to retain the quality of the company. Whether HR functions well or not can be shown here. Their newspaper has one column especially for the feedback from the employees and the company encourages the free speech and the leader has a direct hot-line for the employees once a week. TCL¡¦s core values are
Making a meaningful contribution to our customers
Cultivating community, participation and people development
Creating economic value for investors and employee-owners
Responding to chance through design and innovation
Living with integrity and respecting the environment
Most of the employees are well educated and very talented and they have the strong competitive competence. It is a big issue how to let these elites to settle down in TCL to create value. To solve this problem, the TCL leaders have had several discussion meetings and set of the standards to retain the elite to serve the company¡¦s goal. TCL has built up lines of buildings and offered the new comers a set of apartment, an attractive remuneration, and practice the gain-sharing bonuses scheme giving the company share according to the different position and the years they are serving in the company. If the new comer comes from the North, he/she will be allowed their family come to live together in the same year. And these did not always happen in the big cities in china at that time because there are limit quotas to let other provinces people to enter the different city.
TCL have used their economic power to influence the government officers to uplift the limit for them and overcome this problem as to make the staff feel much secured, from here we can see that the top managers in TCL treated employees as a great value as TCL believes that every effort they have made will help to increase the sense of ownership among employees.
For TCL, these core values lead ineluctably to the conclusion that employee¡¦s ownership is crucial to the success of the firm. Employee ownership, in turn, requires significant levels of employee participation. Within this context, TCL has developed a management style and structure that excels at building employee-owner commitment and cooperation. And in treating the employees with respect, dignity and as a value resource. They use TCL uniform strengthen the employees¡¦ sense of belonging.
Improving the Professional Capability of HR
Fundamentals of HR infrastructure
TCL has also done a good job of deploying ¡§HR fundamentals¡¨ to employees. For example when recruiting, selecting and promoting employees, they looks for technical as well as non technological skills - the ability to work in teams, business acumen, initiative, leadership and conflict resolution skills. They take the external ability into consideration because they believe that it would be difficult to fit into the culture at TCL without those attributes.
To facilitate the selection process, TCL has developed a competency-based selection process based on 1) determining competencies necessary for success in a position, ) producing interview questions focusing on those competences, ) conducting behaviourally-based interviews, 4) evaluating candidate response and 5) making an integrated hiring decision. New employees are selected by the people from HR and from the area for which the candidate is being interviewed. Once a hiring decision has been made, a New Employee Orientation program and a series of related tools help acculturate new employees to TCL¡¦s mission, vision and values and integrate them into TCL¡¦s organization.
Conclusions
Through the practice of Strategic HRM in TCL, they have achieved the position of the 4th Largest electronic Co. in China. We can tell from the above analysis that TCL has successfully deployed Strategic HRM. Their way to success is the way they treat the employees as values which is totally different from the traditional working relationship in China . It has made itself famous for it¡¦s innovation in it¡¦s relationships with employees
.
Most of Chinese government owned companies¡¦ leaders have the remote relationship with the employees because they think that only keeping a solemn face can keep their dignity and authority so they promote the employees to the managers¡¦ position not depending on their competence but decided upon their good relationship with them and protect the leader¡¦s own benefits. They don¡¦t care the benefit of the company because they are promoted or not according the relationship with the top leader. This bureaucracy is a very big problem in China. Fortunately, it is gradually diminishing through the government¡¦s innovation. TCL experienced many difficulties in practising Strategic HRM during the 180s in China which was filled with the feudal hierarchical thought at that time . TCL felt confident in practicing strategic HRM. Today TCL feel very proud that their line managers have a strong education background, which is of great benefit to TCL and their staff have strong sense of belonging to TCL which creates a great value to TCL.
When asked about the critical success factors in TCL, the Chairman Mr.Wu DongSheng answered, ¡§there were three of them, one is the innovation to increase the competition of our company, the second is to populate professional education of employees and improve the employees¡¦ competence, the third is to treat them with dignity and proper remuneration and build up their sense of commitment.¡¨ From here we can see that TCL believes that its future success depends largely on the employees who serve the customers. Treating staff reasonably and involving them in the business, and they are more likely to be confident in themselves so their work will give the customers a better service. As satisfied customers will lead to a more successful and thriving business, thus completing the virtuous circle of potential business and individual success.
Through the practice of Strategic HRM, TCL has consolidated its foothold in national market and become much confident in opening up the new market in the world. In September of 00, they successfully took over Snild electronic Co.¡¦s brand in Germany and they used the Snild ¡¥s brand and some fixed assets to establish a Snild Electronic Co., This year in IFA (Berlin), they have signed the sales contract over 0 million (EURO$). With all the success, TCL believes that Strategic HRM has helped it becoming a successful international Electronic CO. and they hope that more and more countries use their products and their service. Strategic HRM is the proof of TCL¡¥s success.
Recommendations
Of course, no matter how nicely HR functions well in TCL. There are still some improvements in TCL. One aspect should be
Feedback.
The feedback in TCL was not sufficient and should be in various ways and sources 1) e.g. supervisors, direct reports, co-workers, customers. It can be also through ¡§informal discussions and surveys, aptitude tests, and performance appraisals¡¨ . ) Further they should have the questionnaires boxes set in every department which encourages and help the open speech. ) Setting up a department to specially deal with the feedback is an important step.
The reason is because TCL only uses the general manager¡¦s hotline once a week. Obviously it is not enough to solve the problem in the company in such big scale. The feedback is as a mirror to a company and it is too important to ignore. As for the general manager is always busy visiting different countries and different regions and setting up the general manager¡¦s sole hotline sounds very good but actually it is not practical. Especially in China some times the line managers can be very dominant and they will abuse their power too much which silences the employees and influence the top managers know the true feelings of the employees. There are no clear rules to monitor and discipline the line managers. This is the deterrent for the development of the company. Setting up proper feedback and monitoring system will facilitate the working relationship and create a healthy communicative atmosphere, which will improve the employee¡¦s loyalty and commitment.
Employee¡¦s improvements.
In order to sustain and improve the employees¡¦ and line managers¡¦ skill and knowledge, a Personal Development Plan (helped with a coach) will be useful. Six Items are addressed as follows
„� Development areas (What do I need to develop?)
„� Development activities (What will I do?)
„� Support (Who will help me?)
„� Progress and review (When and how will I check my progress?),
„� Application (How will my development impact my job?),
„� Measures (How do I measure my progress?)
This method will help enhance the whole employees¡¦ level and form the spirit of continuous learning, therefore it will help to improve the customer¡¦s satisfaction and reach the company¡¦s goal. If a company is to place commitment at the hearts of its people strategy then there must be a fundamental change to support, reinforce, and value these activities-with reward of managers, through the provision of training to create higher skill levels within the company, and by balancing organizational demands for delivery of the ¡§hard¡¨ financial results with the delivery of the ¡§soft¡¨ people aspects.
Mind that the sample papers like tcl presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Strategic HRM in TCL
The 4th Largest Electronic Co. in China
TCL Corporation is a comprehensive, large-scale state- owned enterprise, established in 181. In. years, TCL has grown from a small audio cassette factory to an enterprise with annual sales in excess of RMB 0 billion. TCL is well known in China and abroad and has developed in many areas such as multimedia electronics, home electronics appliances, telecommunication equipment, information components, and electronics components. Moreover, TCL has undergone a period of substantial progress, and is one of the fastest-growing major industry manufactures, having racked up a compound annual growth rate of 47 % in the past decade. Today, it leads in all the four key industries. As a whole, TCL is ranked fourth in a rating China¡¦s 100 prestigious Electronics & IT enterprises and TCL brand value in 00 reached RMB18.76 billion. In 00, the TCL Group had total sales of RMB 1.billion and export revenues came to US $1.16 billion. TCL also generated a profit of RMB 1.5 billion in 00, and paid RMB1. billion in taxes.
TCL has formed its own core market concept and management mechanism by initiating new market initiatives, such as ¡§well-planned market promotion¡¨, ¡§hard-working¡¨, ¡§thousand-shop project¡¨, and ¡§service-based marketing¡¨. Through 10-year¡¦s non-stop efforts and taking the leading position in the market, TCL with 10000 professional distribution staff- who have established an extensive nationwide sales and distribution network with a computerization progress that reaches across the whole country incorporating over 0 branches, and has set up overseas sales offices or business representative offices over 10 countries. TCL is currently expanding it¡¦s brand colour TV operations in Vietnam , India and Germany and this speeds up exploration of overseas market and consolidates its corporate development,. TCL is extending his presence in multimedia TV, telecommunication , information and electric components fields. From 16, TCL successively acquired Hong Kong Luk¡¦s Enterprise in the colour television project, Henan Meile Electronics Inc, Mongolia Caihong TV Co., WuXi Yonggu TV Co., and Zhongshan Suohua air-conditioner factory which further developed and expanded TCL product scale. The objective of TCL is to become a world-class enterprise in the context of a global economy in future 10 years.
TCL corporate philosophy is to ¡§provide value for customers, opportunities for employees and benefits for society¡¨, and the enterprise principles are ¡§dedication, sincerity, teamwork, and innovation¡¨. With ¡§developing the best product, providing the best service and creating the best brand name¡¨ as the company¡¦s competition strategy, 40000 TCL people will well position for ¡§innovation & Technology¡¨ and persevere in constructing and creating management system.
How TCL grew into a big corporation from a small unit? This did not happen easily. Looking into its history and its leader, we can see its success have been woven with lots of strategic thoughts and practice. I can say that TCL is a good example to apply HRM well in reality.
What is HRM?
HRM started from 160 and from 170s and 180s, it became increasingly apparent. While UK and US¡¥s industry were failing to compete effectively at an international level, Japanese manufacturers started to penetrate the market. HRM started to cause more and more concern in the worldwide sense. Let¡¦s see how Human resource management (HRM)¡¦s definition. It is described by Beret Al (184)
Human resource management involves all management decisions and actions that affect the relationship between the organization and employees-its human resources.
A further definition is provided by Pettigrew and Whipp (11) who suggest that
HRM relates to the total set of knowledge, skills and attitudes that firms need to compete. It involves concern for and action in the management of people, including selection, training and development, employee relations and compensation. Such actions may be bound together by the creation of an HRM philosophy.
The definition was divided into by Story (187), one is ¡§hard¡¨, and another is called ¡§soft¡¨. Let¡¦s see any difference between them. It will help us understand HRM more.
The ¡§hard¡¨ version emphasized the ¡§quantitative, calculative and business strategic aspects of managing the head count resource in as ¡§natural¡¨ a way as for any other economic factor¡¨. Thus, employees are treated as just another part of the input-output equation. Hard HRM strategies are concerned with improving employee utilization (the cost effective approach) and getting them to accept that their interests coincide with those of the organization (the unitary approach). Re-sourcing strategies and practices will aim to recruit and develop employees who ¡§fit¡¨ the organization¡¦s culture. A hard HRM industrial relations strategy will develop direct links with individuals and groups of workers, and may bypass the trade unions and their representatives. In this extreme version, hard HRM will deliberately aim to marginalize trade unions (or do without them altogether). Employees will be involved in the improvement of quality and productivity, but are unlikely to participate in business decision making. This ¡§hard¡¨ version therefore stresses the management aspect of HRM.
The ¡§soft¡¨ version emphasizes communication, motivation and leader-ship. It is concerned with developing what Handy (18) call a ¡§culture of consent¡¨ and recognizes that employees cannot be treated just like any of the other resources because, unlike them, people feel and react. There is more emphasis on strategies for gaining commitment by informing employees about the company¡¦s mission, values, plan and trading conditions, involving them in how work should be organized, and grouping them in self-managing teams, A pluralist view is taken which recognizes that the needs of employees will not always coincide with those of the organization, and care is taken to balance the respective needs, so far as this possible. If there are unions, it is recognized that they have a part to play in representing the collective interests of employees, but the company maintains it s right to communicate directly to individuals.
The ¡§soft¡¨ HRM is broadly accepted and practice. And this led to a ¡§map of HRM territory¡¨, the core of which Beer et al. refer to as the ¡§four C¡¦s¡¨
„X Competence of employees
„X Commitment of employees
„X Congruence between the goals of employees and those of the organization.
„X Cost effectiveness of HRM practices.
A summary of these factors gives a good flavour of what this approach entails.
„X High commitment means that employees will be motivated to ¡§hear, understand, and respond¡¨ to management¡¦s communications relating to the organization of work. The resulting mutual trust enables managements message to be more believable to employees and to enable management to be responsive to employee¡¦s legitimate concerns as stakeholders¡¨ (Beer et al. 1846)
„X High competence creates a positive attitude towards learning and development and , thereby, gives employees the ¡§versatility in skills and the perspective to take one new roles and jobs as needed¡¨ (p.6)
„X Cost effectiveness ¡§means that the organization¡¦s human resource costs-wages, benefits and indirect costs such as strikes, turnover, and grievances have been kept equal or less than competitors¡¨¡K only a continual process of mutual influence about the realities of the business and the needs of employees can bring about this outcome¡¨(p.6)
„X Higher congruence is a reflection of polices and practices which bring about a higher coincidence of interests among management, shareholders and workers¡¨ (p.6) a situation encouraged by forms of employee influence which, in turn, reduce adversarial relations.
We should not overlook the philosophy of the HRM .Lets see how the influential Harvard School, as represented by Beer and Spector (185), express its philosophy
We believe that a set of basic assumptions can be identified that underlie the policies that we have over served to be part of the HRM transformation. The new assumptions are
Proactive system-wide interventions, with emphasis on fit, linking HRM with strategic planning and cultural change;
„� People are social capital capable of development;
„� Coincidence of interest between stakeholders can be developed;
„� Power equalization is sought for trust and collaboration;
„� Open channels of communication to build trust and commitment
„� Goal orientation; Participation and informed choice
Upon this philosophy, they treat employees as valued assets, emphasize on commitment rather than on compliance and value strategy and culture.
The aim of HRM will let us know better how to use HRM properly in an organization. The aim of HRM is
o To enable management to achieve organization objectives through its workforce
o To utilize people to their full capacity and potential;
o To foster commitment from individuals to the success of the company through a quality orientation in their performance and that of the whole organization(Guest 187);
o To integrate human resource policies with business plans and reinforce an appropriate culture or , as necessary, reshape an inappropriate culture;
o To develop a coherent set of personnel and employment policies which jointly reinforce the organization¡¦s strategies for matching resources to business needs and improving performance;
o To establish an environment in which the latent creativity and energy of employees will be unleashed;
o To create conditions in which innovation, team working and total quality can flourish.
o To encourage willingness to operate flexibly in the interests of the adaptive organization and the pursuit of excellence.
There is the nature of the linkage between HRM and business strategy . Only these two ¡¥s integration will have the deep effect in a big corporation. The following formulation will help us to understand it much thoroughly
External Environment & Internal Environment
Strategic Formulation
The organization¡¦s vision, mission and values convey to employees answers to questions such as Where are we going? Why are we going there? And how will we get there? The answers to these questions are of major importance when managing human resources. Consequently, the HR leader and staff need to be involved in the creation, maintenance and revision of the organizational vision, mission, values and general strategy. HR professionals help ensure that other managers behave in ways that are consistent with the corporate vision, mission and values. They also can facilitate their inclusion in the in definition and articulation of the strategic business issues and objectives
TCL is the example of practising the soft model HRM and they know that it is easy to say to produce the first-class world products but in reality there are so many strategies and so much various effort have to put it to materialize the goal - just as we build up a building not only with the blueprint and it needs the concrete, water, bricks ... In order to reach the goal ,the chairman MR. Li led the delegation several times to Japan, America , Europe many countries to gain others countries experience and the strategies . TCL consulted the foreign consultancy companies and experts to diagnose their company. Soon after they have got the ideas, they formed the group of experts and professors of all over the country to study how to put strategic HRM into practice and let it align with their objectives, The following strategies are part of TCL¡¦ s practice
To Build Employee Capabilities,
Competency Identification and Development
TCL recognizes the importance of developing employee competence in support of its values and the achievement of its strategies. HR has facilitated the development of a competency method for TCL top leadership which is fully supported by the senior management team and is actively used in recruitment, selection, development and performance. They set a booth in the human resource market in Guangzhou to recruit the staff according to what they need such as the graduates from university, excellent engineers from north and overseas MBA students with the new ideas and new styles. They put them in the training course for three month and let them understand the company¡¦s strategy and the process of procedures after they have been accepted. They set up an activity called ¡§To be TCL people¡¨ and let the employees feel proud of working in TCL.
TCL believes that participation decision-making is a crucial ingredient in the process of facilitating ¡§ownership¡¨ among employees provides the company with a potential source of competitive advantage and heightens the quality of decision-making. TCL gives its employee-owners significant information about the ongoing financial condition of the business .They published they own newspaper in which were financial report, latest news and the development of the company.
To Build Employee Commitment,
The vision for Corporate Community
The leader of TCL often uses the Chinese old saying that the water can carry the boat but it also can capsize the boat. He refers the water is the employees and the boat is the company. So the quality of the employees is very crucial to the success of the company. To build up the employee¡¦s loyalty and commitment to the company is the must way to retain the quality of the company. Whether HR functions well or not can be shown here. Their newspaper has one column especially for the feedback from the employees and the company encourages the free speech and the leader has a direct hot-line for the employees once a week. TCL¡¦s core values are
Making a meaningful contribution to our customers
Cultivating community, participation and people development
Creating economic value for investors and employee-owners
Responding to chance through design and innovation
Living with integrity and respecting the environment
Most of the employees are well educated and very talented and they have the strong competitive competence. It is a big issue how to let these elites to settle down in TCL to create value. To solve this problem, the TCL leaders have had several discussion meetings and set of the standards to retain the elite to serve the company¡¦s goal. TCL has built up lines of buildings and offered the new comers a set of apartment, an attractive remuneration, and practice the gain-sharing bonuses scheme giving the company share according to the different position and the years they are serving in the company. If the new comer comes from the North, he/she will be allowed their family come to live together in the same year. And these did not always happen in the big cities in china at that time because there are limit quotas to let other provinces people to enter the different city.
TCL have used their economic power to influence the government officers to uplift the limit for them and overcome this problem as to make the staff feel much secured, from here we can see that the top managers in TCL treated employees as a great value as TCL believes that every effort they have made will help to increase the sense of ownership among employees.
For TCL, these core values lead ineluctably to the conclusion that employee¡¦s ownership is crucial to the success of the firm. Employee ownership, in turn, requires significant levels of employee participation. Within this context, TCL has developed a management style and structure that excels at building employee-owner commitment and cooperation. And in treating the employees with respect, dignity and as a value resource. They use TCL uniform strengthen the employees¡¦ sense of belonging.
Improving the Professional Capability of HR
Fundamentals of HR infrastructure
TCL has also done a good job of deploying ¡§HR fundamentals¡¨ to employees. For example when recruiting, selecting and promoting employees, they looks for technical as well as non technological skills - the ability to work in teams, business acumen, initiative, leadership and conflict resolution skills. They take the external ability into consideration because they believe that it would be difficult to fit into the culture at TCL without those attributes.
To facilitate the selection process, TCL has developed a competency-based selection process based on 1) determining competencies necessary for success in a position, ) producing interview questions focusing on those competences, ) conducting behaviourally-based interviews, 4) evaluating candidate response and 5) making an integrated hiring decision. New employees are selected by the people from HR and from the area for which the candidate is being interviewed. Once a hiring decision has been made, a New Employee Orientation program and a series of related tools help acculturate new employees to TCL¡¦s mission, vision and values and integrate them into TCL¡¦s organization.
Conclusions
Through the practice of Strategic HRM in TCL, they have achieved the position of the 4th Largest electronic Co. in China. We can tell from the above analysis that TCL has successfully deployed Strategic HRM. Their way to success is the way they treat the employees as values which is totally different from the traditional working relationship in China . It has made itself famous for it¡¦s innovation in it¡¦s relationships with employees
.
Most of Chinese government owned companies¡¦ leaders have the remote relationship with the employees because they think that only keeping a solemn face can keep their dignity and authority so they promote the employees to the managers¡¦ position not depending on their competence but decided upon their good relationship with them and protect the leader¡¦s own benefits. They don¡¦t care the benefit of the company because they are promoted or not according the relationship with the top leader. This bureaucracy is a very big problem in China. Fortunately, it is gradually diminishing through the government¡¦s innovation. TCL experienced many difficulties in practising Strategic HRM during the 180s in China which was filled with the feudal hierarchical thought at that time . TCL felt confident in practicing strategic HRM. Today TCL feel very proud that their line managers have a strong education background, which is of great benefit to TCL and their staff have strong sense of belonging to TCL which creates a great value to TCL.
When asked about the critical success factors in TCL, the Chairman Mr.Wu DongSheng answered, ¡§there were three of them, one is the innovation to increase the competition of our company, the second is to populate professional education of employees and improve the employees¡¦ competence, the third is to treat them with dignity and proper remuneration and build up their sense of commitment.¡¨ From here we can see that TCL believes that its future success depends largely on the employees who serve the customers. Treating staff reasonably and involving them in the business, and they are more likely to be confident in themselves so their work will give the customers a better service. As satisfied customers will lead to a more successful and thriving business, thus completing the virtuous circle of potential business and individual success.
Through the practice of Strategic HRM, TCL has consolidated its foothold in national market and become much confident in opening up the new market in the world. In September of 00, they successfully took over Snild electronic Co.¡¦s brand in Germany and they used the Snild ¡¥s brand and some fixed assets to establish a Snild Electronic Co., This year in IFA (Berlin), they have signed the sales contract over 0 million (EURO$). With all the success, TCL believes that Strategic HRM has helped it becoming a successful international Electronic CO. and they hope that more and more countries use their products and their service. Strategic HRM is the proof of TCL¡¥s success.
Recommendations
Of course, no matter how nicely HR functions well in TCL. There are still some improvements in TCL. One aspect should be
Feedback.
The feedback in TCL was not sufficient and should be in various ways and sources 1) e.g. supervisors, direct reports, co-workers, customers. It can be also through ¡§informal discussions and surveys, aptitude tests, and performance appraisals¡¨ . ) Further they should have the questionnaires boxes set in every department which encourages and help the open speech. ) Setting up a department to specially deal with the feedback is an important step.
The reason is because TCL only uses the general manager¡¦s hotline once a week. Obviously it is not enough to solve the problem in the company in such big scale. The feedback is as a mirror to a company and it is too important to ignore. As for the general manager is always busy visiting different countries and different regions and setting up the general manager¡¦s sole hotline sounds very good but actually it is not practical. Especially in China some times the line managers can be very dominant and they will abuse their power too much which silences the employees and influence the top managers know the true feelings of the employees. There are no clear rules to monitor and discipline the line managers. This is the deterrent for the development of the company. Setting up proper feedback and monitoring system will facilitate the working relationship and create a healthy communicative atmosphere, which will improve the employee¡¦s loyalty and commitment.
Employee¡¦s improvements.
In order to sustain and improve the employees¡¦ and line managers¡¦ skill and knowledge, a Personal Development Plan (helped with a coach) will be useful. Six Items are addressed as follows
„� Development areas (What do I need to develop?)
„� Development activities (What will I do?)
„� Support (Who will help me?)
„� Progress and review (When and how will I check my progress?),
„� Application (How will my development impact my job?),
„� Measures (How do I measure my progress?)
This method will help enhance the whole employees¡¦ level and form the spirit of continuous learning, therefore it will help to improve the customer¡¦s satisfaction and reach the company¡¦s goal. If a company is to place commitment at the hearts of its people strategy then there must be a fundamental change to support, reinforce, and value these activities-with reward of managers, through the provision of training to create higher skill levels within the company, and by balancing organizational demands for delivery of the ¡§hard¡¨ financial results with the delivery of the ¡§soft¡¨ people aspects.
Mind that the sample papers like tcl presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Tuesday 14 August 2012
Striving for Excellence
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STRIVING FOR EXCELLENCE
Ever since I was a little boy I always wanted to be the best at everything I did. Whether it was in little league or in school I was determined to be the best. Throughout elementary school and into high school I tried my best in each subject but every year I always came to the realization that I always performed well in math. For some reason, math was not difficult for me and as the years past I began to enjoy it more and more. Then in high school I began to have a passion for math and in my senior year I took an accounting class. That accounting class had a dramatic effect on me. I realized I loved accounting because it involved mathematics and the finances of a company. To me, accounting is a subject that incorporates both math and money, my two favorite interests in the world.
Now that I am entering my third year in college I have decided on my major and future career. I want to be a certified public accountant, work for an accounting firm, and hopefully establish my own firm in the future. I believe that people should have many goals in their lives that will make them want to work hard and achieve those goals. I have many goals both personal and educational because I want to live a prosperous and happy life. For instance, I want to become a CPA and be known as a hardworking person who cares about his clients’ best interests. In order for me to become a CPA, I have chosen to attend CSUN where I can obtain an accounting degree at a well-respected university. I am a member of the Business Honors Program at CSUN and as a member I will have the opportunity to achieve my goals because the program challenges me to do well in school. Also, the mentorship program will also be beneficial for me because I will be able to gain guidance and advice from someone who has experience in my major. The symposium series is a great aspect of the program because it teaches a person more about the program and how business works in the real world. The Business Honors Program also has helped me establish relationships with other students in my major that will help me later in life in terms of advisement and job opportunities. Also, I am a member of the Accounting Association and I try to spend as much time to make the club work for me because it is a great opportunity to network and learn more about accounting. I am highly motivated and determined to perform at a high level at the university in order to accomplish my goal of obtaining an accounting degree.
I also have many personal goals that I strive to accomplish. One of them I have already mentioned and that is becoming a CPA. Other personal goals I have set for myself are living a full and healthy life because I know it is important to balance business with pleasure. I want to wed someday and raise a family because I believe that a family makes a person more stable and satisfied with life. I also want to live a healthy life because health is the most important aspect of living happy which is why another personal goal of mine is to exercise regularly. These personal goals can be achieved by having a great career where I can support a family and have extra time to exercise daily and have fun.
Thus, I believe that I am a hardworking individual who is motivated and ready to accomplish all of my goals. I am excited about attending college where I can finally study accounting and create meaningful relationships. I feel ready to perform at a high level, and become a CPA.
Mind that the sample papers like Striving for Excellence presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
STRIVING FOR EXCELLENCE
Ever since I was a little boy I always wanted to be the best at everything I did. Whether it was in little league or in school I was determined to be the best. Throughout elementary school and into high school I tried my best in each subject but every year I always came to the realization that I always performed well in math. For some reason, math was not difficult for me and as the years past I began to enjoy it more and more. Then in high school I began to have a passion for math and in my senior year I took an accounting class. That accounting class had a dramatic effect on me. I realized I loved accounting because it involved mathematics and the finances of a company. To me, accounting is a subject that incorporates both math and money, my two favorite interests in the world.
Now that I am entering my third year in college I have decided on my major and future career. I want to be a certified public accountant, work for an accounting firm, and hopefully establish my own firm in the future. I believe that people should have many goals in their lives that will make them want to work hard and achieve those goals. I have many goals both personal and educational because I want to live a prosperous and happy life. For instance, I want to become a CPA and be known as a hardworking person who cares about his clients’ best interests. In order for me to become a CPA, I have chosen to attend CSUN where I can obtain an accounting degree at a well-respected university. I am a member of the Business Honors Program at CSUN and as a member I will have the opportunity to achieve my goals because the program challenges me to do well in school. Also, the mentorship program will also be beneficial for me because I will be able to gain guidance and advice from someone who has experience in my major. The symposium series is a great aspect of the program because it teaches a person more about the program and how business works in the real world. The Business Honors Program also has helped me establish relationships with other students in my major that will help me later in life in terms of advisement and job opportunities. Also, I am a member of the Accounting Association and I try to spend as much time to make the club work for me because it is a great opportunity to network and learn more about accounting. I am highly motivated and determined to perform at a high level at the university in order to accomplish my goal of obtaining an accounting degree.
I also have many personal goals that I strive to accomplish. One of them I have already mentioned and that is becoming a CPA. Other personal goals I have set for myself are living a full and healthy life because I know it is important to balance business with pleasure. I want to wed someday and raise a family because I believe that a family makes a person more stable and satisfied with life. I also want to live a healthy life because health is the most important aspect of living happy which is why another personal goal of mine is to exercise regularly. These personal goals can be achieved by having a great career where I can support a family and have extra time to exercise daily and have fun.
Thus, I believe that I am a hardworking individual who is motivated and ready to accomplish all of my goals. I am excited about attending college where I can finally study accounting and create meaningful relationships. I feel ready to perform at a high level, and become a CPA.
Mind that the sample papers like Striving for Excellence presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Alchemy in Imagery: Rosicrucian Influence on Edward Taylor’s Poetry
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Alchemy in Imagery: Rosicrucian Influence on Edward Taylor’s Poetry even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Alchemy in Imagery: Rosicrucian Influence on Edward Taylor’s Poetry in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Alchemy in Imagery Rosicrucian Influence on Edward Taylor’s Poetry
As a Puritan preacher, it is expected that Edward Taylor would include theological imagery in his poetry. What is not expected is the use of Rosicrucian representation in this imagery. The use of alchemical symbolism is prevalent in many of Taylor’s meditations. The intent of this paper is to show the Rosicrucian influence on Taylor’s poetry and explain how a Puritan preacher came to use alchemical and mystical imagery in the representation of Christian beliefs. This will be accomplished by showing that Taylor had access to Rosicrucian literature, made references to alchemy in his poetry, and by explicating one of Taylor’s poems to determine the use of imagery related to alchemy.
At twenty-six years of age, Taylor, “armed with a few letters of introduction, presented himself to Increase Mather… Mather must have welcomed him warmly, for Taylor spent the next three nights at Mather’s home.”(Grabo r. ed. 5) Taylor and Mather became close friends (Grabo r. ed. 1) allowing Taylor access to the Mather library and Rosicrucian texts (Freels). The Mather library incorporated numerous Alchemical works including Michael Maier’s Laws of the Fraternity of the Rosie Cross, Helmont’s Ortus Medicinae, Riverius’ Practice of Physick, to which Taylor delegates substantial space in his portfolio, John Dee’s Artis et Naturae cum Enlightenment and Roger Bacon’s Epistolae Fratris (Freels). Another possible source of Rosicrucian literature available to Taylor was the library of Connecticut Governor John Winthrop Jr., whose holdings were described as, “the most significant and extensive alchemical library in colonial America.” In 1787, Ezra Stiles, Taylor’s grandson and President of Yale University, recorded in his diary a legend concerning Winthrop’s prowess as an alchemist, displaying an interest in alchemy that his grandfather may have stimulated. “Ezra Stiles chose Taylor’s copy of the alchemical treatise, John Webster’s Metallographia , to write a short memoir dedicated to Taylor indicating perhaps a fond memory connected with Taylor’s enthusiasm for alchemy” (Stanford 508).
On May 5, 1671, Edward Taylor and four of his classmates [Hull, Mather, Sewall and Chauncy] at Harvard presented their final declamations. Taylor wrote 1 lines of heroic couplets for this occasion. Taylor’s declamation includes the first reference to alchemy written by a Puritan poet “no such spirits flow/ From mine alembick , neither have I skill/ To rain such honey falls out of my still” (Clack 1). Taylor later followed this, in Meditation 1., by describing the alchemist
The Boasting Spagyirst (Insipid Phlegm,
Whose Words out strut the Sky) vaunts he hath rife
The Water, Tincture, Lozenge, Gold, Gem,
Of Life itselfe. But here’s the Bread of Life.
I’le lay my Life, his Aurum Vitae Red
Is to my Bread of Life, worse than DEAD HEAD .
“In the first few lines of this passage Taylor chides the alchemist (“Boasting Spagyirst”) for his attempts to create stone transmutation (“Lozenge, Gold and Gem”) and the elixir vitae (“Water, Tincture … Of Life”)” (Clack 14). What is interesting is Taylor’s reference to “Aurum Vitae Red”. This refers to the liquid alchemists called the “Gold of Life” which was reported to prolong life, and in rare cases restore the dead. Although Taylor was familiar with the philosophy behind the transmutation of metals, he used the spiritual metaphors of alchemy to illustrate what he saw as the regenerating powers of God’s grace through the theanthropy of Christ” (14). This imagery, through the use of alchemical terminology, is prevalent in many of Taylor’s Meditations and other poems including for example; the use of vitae in Meditations 1., 1., .46, .60, .80, and .11 but also in the poem “The Effects of this Reply with a Fresh Assault from Satan” (Russell 56).
Meditation 1.7 is “perhaps the one meditation to which scholars frequently turn for an example of Taylor’s use of alchemical tropes” (15) due to it’s richness in alchemical imagery beginning with Christ as an alchemical still.
Thy Humane Frame, my Glorious Lord, I spy,
A Golden Still with Heavenly Choice drugs filld;
Thy Holy Love, the Glowing heate whereby,
The Spirit of Grace is graciously distilld.
Thy Mouth the Neck through which these spirits still.
My soul thy Violl make, and therewith fill.
The value of the still is shown through its golden color and therefore, the value of the “Heavenly Choice drugs” that have been distilled by God’s “Holy Love, the Glowing heate.”
The distilled “Spirit of Grace” is the “Tincture” (or elixir vitae) found in stanza two. Taylor desires this to be distilled into his alembic soul.
Thy Speech the Liquour in thy Vessell stands,
Well ting’d with Grace a blessed Tincture, Loe,
Thy Words distilld, Grace in thy Lips pourd, and,
Give Graces Tincture in them where they go.
Thy words in graces tincture stilld, Lord, may
The Tincture of thy Grace in me Convay.
Four of these six lines refer to this “Tincture” of grace. Grace poured from the lips of God into Taylor, the “Vessell”, is used to renew his soul as stated by, “thy Grace in me Convay.”
Although Taylor chose Psalms 45, “Grace in thy lips is poured out,” as the text for this meditation, the reference to both the alchemical distillation process and the tincture are of particular interest. Paracelsus believed that the tincture had the power to transform base metal or base material into gold. According to Metallographia, the “essence of gold is threefold 1) Coeleste & est solutium, celestial and loosed, ) Elementare, fluid, and ) Metallicum, that which is corporeal. Further, it is to be known that the first ens, that is to say, the first composition of Gold, which as yet remains a liquor not coagulated, doth renew and restore whatsoever it takes … The Philosophers often make mention of another sort of aurum potabile, or the tincture of Gold, which is not drawn forth of common Gold, but forth from another subject; and this we touched where we spake of Astrilish [Celestial] Gold.” In this passage we can see how Taylor would have transformed the “Grand Elixir” or elixir vitae of the alchemists into a metaphor for the tincture of God’s grace.
In the final stanza of Meditation 1.7, Taylor moves from Christ’s words as tincture to Christ’s words as Gold.
That Golden Mint of Words, thy Mouth Divine,
Doth tip these Words, which by my Fall were spoiled;
And Dub with Gold dug out of Graces mine
That they thine Image might have in them foild.
Grace in thy Lips pourd out’s as Liquid Gold.
thy Bottle make my Soule, Lord, it to hold.
The association of grace with gold, “Golden Mints of Words”, “Gold dug out of Grace”, concludes in the image of “Grace” as “Liquid Gold” in which Taylor uses his own soul as an alchemical vessel to hold the precious substance. “Implicit in this passage is the idea that God’s “Grace” is tantamount to His joy and love given form in Christ” (16). To Taylor, this “Grace” becomes a most transmutative substance having the ability to redeem his soul. In this, Christ is the agent of transmutation through which the soul moves to a state of grace.
Making use of his Meditations, Taylor emphasizes this point “Christ is comparable with the philosopher’s stone, created by God-the-alchemist to regenerate the fallen soul” (16). In doing this, Taylor shows Christ, in His role as the philosopher’s stone, as moving Taylor from a state of despair in the beginning of most of his poems to a state of grace at the end. This Rosicrucian imagery is not limited to Taylor’s poetry. For example, Sermon X “contains alchemical vessel imagery, mentioning ‘Aqua Celestis,’ as a synonym for grace, and the ‘Summum Bonum’ to describe Christ as the ‘celestiall vessell Fild up to the brim with the church’” (Freels).
The presence of Rosicrucian literature in Puritan libraries indicates a gradual softening of Puritan attitudes toward the alchemical arts. Not only did such notable Puritans as Edward Taylor, Increase and Cotton Mather, John Winthrop Jr. and his son Wait Still Winthrop have knowledge of Rosicrucian works, but that Rosicrucian philosophy, particularly in relation to the healing arts, was a source of speculation and interest. We can conclude from texts known to be in his library, his close association with the Mathers’ and the Winthrops’, and statements made about him by his grandson, Ezra Stiles, that Edward Taylor had ample access to Rosicrucian literature. We can further conclude from the imagery in his Meditations, other poetry and sermon’s, that Taylor implored alchemical symbols as metaphors from which to describe such things as grace to his parishioners. Returning to Meditation 1.7 and Taylor’s image of the “Golden Still with Heavenly Choice drugs filld,” we are shown the extent of Taylor’s alchemical knowledge and his familiarity with Paracelsian [alchemical] medicine. The metaphors used by Taylor show Christ as the celestial physician whose sole purpose is to heal through grace.
Mind that the sample papers like Alchemy in Imagery: Rosicrucian Influence on Edward Taylor’s Poetry presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Alchemy in Imagery Rosicrucian Influence on Edward Taylor’s Poetry
As a Puritan preacher, it is expected that Edward Taylor would include theological imagery in his poetry. What is not expected is the use of Rosicrucian representation in this imagery. The use of alchemical symbolism is prevalent in many of Taylor’s meditations. The intent of this paper is to show the Rosicrucian influence on Taylor’s poetry and explain how a Puritan preacher came to use alchemical and mystical imagery in the representation of Christian beliefs. This will be accomplished by showing that Taylor had access to Rosicrucian literature, made references to alchemy in his poetry, and by explicating one of Taylor’s poems to determine the use of imagery related to alchemy.
At twenty-six years of age, Taylor, “armed with a few letters of introduction, presented himself to Increase Mather… Mather must have welcomed him warmly, for Taylor spent the next three nights at Mather’s home.”(Grabo r. ed. 5) Taylor and Mather became close friends (Grabo r. ed. 1) allowing Taylor access to the Mather library and Rosicrucian texts (Freels). The Mather library incorporated numerous Alchemical works including Michael Maier’s Laws of the Fraternity of the Rosie Cross, Helmont’s Ortus Medicinae, Riverius’ Practice of Physick, to which Taylor delegates substantial space in his portfolio, John Dee’s Artis et Naturae cum Enlightenment and Roger Bacon’s Epistolae Fratris (Freels). Another possible source of Rosicrucian literature available to Taylor was the library of Connecticut Governor John Winthrop Jr., whose holdings were described as, “the most significant and extensive alchemical library in colonial America.” In 1787, Ezra Stiles, Taylor’s grandson and President of Yale University, recorded in his diary a legend concerning Winthrop’s prowess as an alchemist, displaying an interest in alchemy that his grandfather may have stimulated. “Ezra Stiles chose Taylor’s copy of the alchemical treatise, John Webster’s Metallographia , to write a short memoir dedicated to Taylor indicating perhaps a fond memory connected with Taylor’s enthusiasm for alchemy” (Stanford 508).
On May 5, 1671, Edward Taylor and four of his classmates [Hull, Mather, Sewall and Chauncy] at Harvard presented their final declamations. Taylor wrote 1 lines of heroic couplets for this occasion. Taylor’s declamation includes the first reference to alchemy written by a Puritan poet “no such spirits flow/ From mine alembick , neither have I skill/ To rain such honey falls out of my still” (Clack 1). Taylor later followed this, in Meditation 1., by describing the alchemist
The Boasting Spagyirst (Insipid Phlegm,
Whose Words out strut the Sky) vaunts he hath rife
The Water, Tincture, Lozenge, Gold, Gem,
Of Life itselfe. But here’s the Bread of Life.
I’le lay my Life, his Aurum Vitae Red
Is to my Bread of Life, worse than DEAD HEAD .
“In the first few lines of this passage Taylor chides the alchemist (“Boasting Spagyirst”) for his attempts to create stone transmutation (“Lozenge, Gold and Gem”) and the elixir vitae (“Water, Tincture … Of Life”)” (Clack 14). What is interesting is Taylor’s reference to “Aurum Vitae Red”. This refers to the liquid alchemists called the “Gold of Life” which was reported to prolong life, and in rare cases restore the dead. Although Taylor was familiar with the philosophy behind the transmutation of metals, he used the spiritual metaphors of alchemy to illustrate what he saw as the regenerating powers of God’s grace through the theanthropy of Christ” (14). This imagery, through the use of alchemical terminology, is prevalent in many of Taylor’s Meditations and other poems including for example; the use of vitae in Meditations 1., 1., .46, .60, .80, and .11 but also in the poem “The Effects of this Reply with a Fresh Assault from Satan” (Russell 56).
Meditation 1.7 is “perhaps the one meditation to which scholars frequently turn for an example of Taylor’s use of alchemical tropes” (15) due to it’s richness in alchemical imagery beginning with Christ as an alchemical still.
Thy Humane Frame, my Glorious Lord, I spy,
A Golden Still with Heavenly Choice drugs filld;
Thy Holy Love, the Glowing heate whereby,
The Spirit of Grace is graciously distilld.
Thy Mouth the Neck through which these spirits still.
My soul thy Violl make, and therewith fill.
The value of the still is shown through its golden color and therefore, the value of the “Heavenly Choice drugs” that have been distilled by God’s “Holy Love, the Glowing heate.”
The distilled “Spirit of Grace” is the “Tincture” (or elixir vitae) found in stanza two. Taylor desires this to be distilled into his alembic soul.
Thy Speech the Liquour in thy Vessell stands,
Well ting’d with Grace a blessed Tincture, Loe,
Thy Words distilld, Grace in thy Lips pourd, and,
Give Graces Tincture in them where they go.
Thy words in graces tincture stilld, Lord, may
The Tincture of thy Grace in me Convay.
Four of these six lines refer to this “Tincture” of grace. Grace poured from the lips of God into Taylor, the “Vessell”, is used to renew his soul as stated by, “thy Grace in me Convay.”
Although Taylor chose Psalms 45, “Grace in thy lips is poured out,” as the text for this meditation, the reference to both the alchemical distillation process and the tincture are of particular interest. Paracelsus believed that the tincture had the power to transform base metal or base material into gold. According to Metallographia, the “essence of gold is threefold 1) Coeleste & est solutium, celestial and loosed, ) Elementare, fluid, and ) Metallicum, that which is corporeal. Further, it is to be known that the first ens, that is to say, the first composition of Gold, which as yet remains a liquor not coagulated, doth renew and restore whatsoever it takes … The Philosophers often make mention of another sort of aurum potabile, or the tincture of Gold, which is not drawn forth of common Gold, but forth from another subject; and this we touched where we spake of Astrilish [Celestial] Gold.” In this passage we can see how Taylor would have transformed the “Grand Elixir” or elixir vitae of the alchemists into a metaphor for the tincture of God’s grace.
In the final stanza of Meditation 1.7, Taylor moves from Christ’s words as tincture to Christ’s words as Gold.
That Golden Mint of Words, thy Mouth Divine,
Doth tip these Words, which by my Fall were spoiled;
And Dub with Gold dug out of Graces mine
That they thine Image might have in them foild.
Grace in thy Lips pourd out’s as Liquid Gold.
thy Bottle make my Soule, Lord, it to hold.
The association of grace with gold, “Golden Mints of Words”, “Gold dug out of Grace”, concludes in the image of “Grace” as “Liquid Gold” in which Taylor uses his own soul as an alchemical vessel to hold the precious substance. “Implicit in this passage is the idea that God’s “Grace” is tantamount to His joy and love given form in Christ” (16). To Taylor, this “Grace” becomes a most transmutative substance having the ability to redeem his soul. In this, Christ is the agent of transmutation through which the soul moves to a state of grace.
Making use of his Meditations, Taylor emphasizes this point “Christ is comparable with the philosopher’s stone, created by God-the-alchemist to regenerate the fallen soul” (16). In doing this, Taylor shows Christ, in His role as the philosopher’s stone, as moving Taylor from a state of despair in the beginning of most of his poems to a state of grace at the end. This Rosicrucian imagery is not limited to Taylor’s poetry. For example, Sermon X “contains alchemical vessel imagery, mentioning ‘Aqua Celestis,’ as a synonym for grace, and the ‘Summum Bonum’ to describe Christ as the ‘celestiall vessell Fild up to the brim with the church’” (Freels).
The presence of Rosicrucian literature in Puritan libraries indicates a gradual softening of Puritan attitudes toward the alchemical arts. Not only did such notable Puritans as Edward Taylor, Increase and Cotton Mather, John Winthrop Jr. and his son Wait Still Winthrop have knowledge of Rosicrucian works, but that Rosicrucian philosophy, particularly in relation to the healing arts, was a source of speculation and interest. We can conclude from texts known to be in his library, his close association with the Mathers’ and the Winthrops’, and statements made about him by his grandson, Ezra Stiles, that Edward Taylor had ample access to Rosicrucian literature. We can further conclude from the imagery in his Meditations, other poetry and sermon’s, that Taylor implored alchemical symbols as metaphors from which to describe such things as grace to his parishioners. Returning to Meditation 1.7 and Taylor’s image of the “Golden Still with Heavenly Choice drugs filld,” we are shown the extent of Taylor’s alchemical knowledge and his familiarity with Paracelsian [alchemical] medicine. The metaphors used by Taylor show Christ as the celestial physician whose sole purpose is to heal through grace.
Mind that the sample papers like Alchemy in Imagery: Rosicrucian Influence on Edward Taylor’s Poetry presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Saturday 11 August 2012
moomin
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like moomin even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like moomin in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
It was once said by Henry Moore that he ‘combined in his personality the best qualities of the entire human being with those of the creative man of imaginative intelligence’, and that we could therefore find no better ambassador for the human race. Perhaps it’s the humanity of Moore’s work that makes it reachable to such a wide audience.
His studies at the Leeds College of art which he enrolled in 11 and the Royal college of art in London allowed him to pursue more ambitious projects. Visiting Sir Michael’s Sadler’s collection in Leeds, the young Moore saw works by Paul C�zanne, Paul Gauguin, Vincent Van Gogh and Pablo Piccasso juxtaposed with collection of ancient and tribal art.
In 1 Henry Moore developed his interest in direct carving and was influenced by Eric Gill, Jacob Epstein and Henri Gaudier-Brzaska
Michelangelo was also a favourite sculptor of Moore’s ever since he heard a story about him in Sunday School at a young age.
You can see the influence of African art style in such works as Mask which was made in 17. This would become the type of artwork that would remain constant throughout his life.
The strong angled planes and compact strength of the marble Dog.
As the slaves created by Michelangelo struggle to free themselves from the marble blocks in which they were imprisoned, so Moore’s Two heads appear to be forcing their way out of their block, this sculpture provides an example of his lifelong interest in the power and vitality evoked by forms that seem to press outwards from the inside.
Mind that the sample papers like moomin presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
It was once said by Henry Moore that he ‘combined in his personality the best qualities of the entire human being with those of the creative man of imaginative intelligence’, and that we could therefore find no better ambassador for the human race. Perhaps it’s the humanity of Moore’s work that makes it reachable to such a wide audience.
His studies at the Leeds College of art which he enrolled in 11 and the Royal college of art in London allowed him to pursue more ambitious projects. Visiting Sir Michael’s Sadler’s collection in Leeds, the young Moore saw works by Paul C�zanne, Paul Gauguin, Vincent Van Gogh and Pablo Piccasso juxtaposed with collection of ancient and tribal art.
In 1 Henry Moore developed his interest in direct carving and was influenced by Eric Gill, Jacob Epstein and Henri Gaudier-Brzaska
Michelangelo was also a favourite sculptor of Moore’s ever since he heard a story about him in Sunday School at a young age.
You can see the influence of African art style in such works as Mask which was made in 17. This would become the type of artwork that would remain constant throughout his life.
The strong angled planes and compact strength of the marble Dog.
As the slaves created by Michelangelo struggle to free themselves from the marble blocks in which they were imprisoned, so Moore’s Two heads appear to be forcing their way out of their block, this sculpture provides an example of his lifelong interest in the power and vitality evoked by forms that seem to press outwards from the inside.
Mind that the sample papers like moomin presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
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