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Intellectual Heritage 51 Paper Topics on Othello
Instructor Robert Guay
PAPERS ARE DUE AT 40pm ON THURSDAY 11 DECEMBER.
- there is no class on this day
- papers may be e-mailed (rguay@temple.edu or r_guay@hotmail.com)
- or you may drop them off in my mailbox (Anderson 7th floor)
- the absolute deadline to submit a paper under any circumstance, no matter
how many late days you have left, is AT THE TIME OF YOUR EXAM.
PLEASE ANSWER ONE OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN NO MORE THAN 1000 WORDS.
PLEASE SEE SYLLABUS FOR ADVICE ON WRITING PAPERS
MAKE SURE TO SUPPORT YOUR CLAIMS WITH TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
1 Explain what of Othello’s and Desdemona’s characters makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain what of Othello and Desdemona’s relationship makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain Iago’s self-understanding (i.e., how he appraises his own character), and whether or not
this self-understanding is compatible with his motivations, desires, and actions.
4 Explain what Iago’s assessment of others is, whether or not his assessments are accurate, and what
relation these assessments have to the success of his plot.
5 Argue that Desdemona is herself an interesting character, and not merely an object for Othello’s
love and jealousy.
6 Explain the importance of visual evidence in Othello in general, and how it in particular relates to
knowledge of others.
7 Explain how the story of Othello may be read as the (tragic) failure by Othello to construct a stable
and coherent identity.
8 Identify the notion(s) of human nature advanced in Othello, and explain what relevance for the
action of the story these notions have.Intellectual Heritage 51 Paper Topics on Othello
Instructor Robert Guay
PAPERS ARE DUE AT 40pm ON THURSDAY 11 DECEMBER.
- there is no class on this day
- papers may be e-mailed (rguay@temple.edu or r_guay@hotmail.com)
- or you may drop them off in my mailbox (Anderson 7th floor)
- the absolute deadline to submit a paper under any circumstance, no matter
how many late days you have left, is AT THE TIME OF YOUR EXAM.
PLEASE ANSWER ONE OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN NO MORE THAN 1000 WORDS.
PLEASE SEE SYLLABUS FOR ADVICE ON WRITING PAPERS
MAKE SURE TO SUPPORT YOUR CLAIMS WITH TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
1 Explain what of Othello’s and Desdemona’s characters makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain what of Othello and Desdemona’s relationship makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain Iago’s self-understanding (i.e., how he appraises his own character), and whether or not
this self-understanding is compatible with his motivations, desires, and actions.
4 Explain what Iago’s assessment of others is, whether or not his assessments are accurate, and what
relation these assessments have to the success of his plot.
5 Argue that Desdemona is herself an interesting character, and not merely an object for Othello’s
love and jealousy.
6 Explain the importance of visual evidence in Othello in general, and how it in particular relates to
knowledge of others.
7 Explain how the story of Othello may be read as the (tragic) failure by Othello to construct a stable
and coherent identity.Intellectual Heritage 51 Paper Topics on Othello
Instructor Robert Guay
PAPERS ARE DUE AT 40pm ON THURSDAY 11 DECEMBER.
- there is no class on this day
- papers may be e-mailed (rguay@temple.edu or r_guay@hotmail.com)
- or you may drop them off in my mailbox (Anderson 7th floor)
- the absolute deadline to submit a paper under any circumstance, no matter
how many late days you have left, is AT THE TIME OF YOUR EXAM.
PLEASE ANSWER ONE OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN NO MORE THAN 1000 WORDS.
PLEASE SEE SYLLABUS FOR ADVICE ON WRITING PAPERS
MAKE SURE TO SUPPORT YOUR CLAIMS WITH TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
1 Explain what of Othello’s and Desdemona’s characters makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain what of Othello and Desdemona’s relationship makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain Iago’s self-understanding (i.e., how he appraises his own character), and whether or not
this self-understanding is compatible with his motivations, desires, and actions.
4 Explain what Iago’s assessment of others is, whether or not his assessments are accurate, and what
relation these assessments have to the success of his plot.
5 Argue that Desdemona is herself an interesting character, and not merely an object for Othello’s
love and jealousy.
6 Explain the importance of visual evidence in Othello in general, and how it in particular relates to
knowledge of others.
7 Explain how the story of Othello may be read as the (tragic) failure by Othello to construct a stable
and coherent identity.
8 Identify the notion(s) of human nature advanced in Othello, and explain what relevance for the
action of the story these notions have.Intellectual Heritage 51 Paper Topics on Othello
Instructor Robert Guay
PAPERS ARE DUE AT 40pm ON THURSDAY 11 DECEMBER.
- there is no class on this day
- papers may be e-mailed (rguay@temple.edu or r_guay@hotmail.com)
- or you may drop them off in my mailbox (Anderson 7th floor)
- the absolute deadline to submit a paper under any circumstance, no matter
how many late days you have left, is AT THE TIME OF YOUR EXAM.
PLEASE ANSWER ONE OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN NO MORE THAN 1000 WORDS.
PLEASE SEE SYLLABUS FOR ADVICE ON WRITING PAPERS
MAKE SURE TO SUPPORT YOUR CLAIMS WITH TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
1 Explain what of Othello’s and Desdemona’s characters makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain what of Othello and Desdemona’s relationship makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain Iago’s self-understanding (i.e., how he appraises his own character), and whether or not
this self-understanding is compatible with his motivations, desires, and actions.
4 Explain what Iago’s assessment of others is, whether or not his assessments are accurate, and what
relation these assessments have to the success of his plot.
5 Argue that Desdemona is herself an interesting character, and not merely an object for Othello’s
love and jealousy.
6 Explain the importance of visual evidence in Othello in general, and how it in particular relates to
knowledge of others.
7 Explain how the story of Othello may be read as the (tragic) failure by Othello to construct a stable
and coherent identity.
8 Identify the notion(s) of human nature advanced in Othello, and explain what relevance for the
action of the story these notions have.Intellectual Heritage 51 Paper Topics on Othello
Instructor Robert Guay
PAPERS ARE DUE AT 40pm ON THURSDAY 11 DECEMBER.
- there is no class on this day
- papers may be e-mailed (rguay@temple.edu or r_guay@hotmail.com)
- or you may drop them off in my mailbox (Anderson 7th floor)
- the absolute deadline to submit a paper under any circumstance, no matter
how many late days you have left, is AT THE TIME OF YOUR EXAM.
PLEASE ANSWER ONE OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN NO MORE THAN 1000 WORDS.
PLEASE SEE SYLLABUS FOR ADVICE ON WRITING PAPERS
MAKE SURE TO SUPPORT YOUR CLAIMS WITH TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
1 Explain what of Othello’s and Desdemona’s characters makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain what of Othello and Desdemona’s relationship makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain Iago’s self-understanding (i.e., how he appraises his own character), and whether or not
this self-understanding is compatible with his motivations, desires, and actions.
4 Explain what Iago’s assessment of others is, whether or not his assessments are accurate, and what
relation these assessments have to the success of his plot.
5 Argue that Desdemona is herself an interesting character, and not merely an object for Othello’s
love and jealousy.
6 Explain the importance of visual evidence in Othello in general, and how it in particular relates to
knowledge of others.
7 Explain how the story of Othello may be read as the (tragic) failure by Othello to construct a stable
and coherent identity.
8 Identify the notion(s) of human nature advanced in Othello, and explain what relevance for the
action of the story these notions have.Intellectual Heritage 51 Paper Topics on Othello
Instructor Robert Guay
PAPERS ARE DUE AT 40pm ON THURSDAY 11 DECEMBER.
- there is no class on this day
- papers may be e-mailed (rguay@temple.edu or r_guay@hotmail.com)
- or you may drop them off in my mailbox (Anderson 7th floor)
- the absolute deadline to submit a paper under any circumstance, no matter
how many late days you have left, is AT THE TIME OF YOUR EXAM.
PLEASE ANSWER ONE OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN NO MORE THAN 1000 WORDS.
PLEASE SEE SYLLABUS FOR ADVICE ON WRITING PAPERS
MAKE SURE TO SUPPORT YOUR CLAIMS WITH TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
1 Explain what of Othello’s and Desdemona’s characters makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain what of Othello and Desdemona’s relationship makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain Iago’s self-understanding (i.e., how he appraises his own character), and whether or not
this self-understanding is compatible with his motivations, desires, and actions.
4 Explain what Iago’s assessment of others is, whether or not his assessments are accurate, and what
relation these assessments have to the success of his plot.
5 Argue that Desdemona is herself an interesting character, and not merely an object for Othello’s
love and jealousy.
6 Explain the importance of visual evidence in Othello in general, and how it in particular relates to
knowledge of others.
7 Explain how the story of Othello may be read as the (tragic) failure by Othello to construct a stable
and coherent identity.
8 Identify the notion(s) of human nature advanced in Othello, and explain what relevance for the
action of the story these notions have.Intellectual Heritage 51 Paper Topics on Othello
Instructor Robert Guay
PAPERS ARE DUE AT 40pm ON THURSDAY 11 DECEMBER.
- there is no class on this day
- papers may be e-mailed (rguay@temple.edu or r_guay@hotmail.com)
- or you may drop them off in my mailbox (Anderson 7th floor)
- the absolute deadline to submit a paper under any circumstance, no matter
how many late days you have left, is AT THE TIME OF YOUR EXAM.
PLEASE ANSWER ONE OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN NO MORE THAN 1000 WORDS.
PLEASE SEE SYLLABUS FOR ADVICE ON WRITING PAPERS
MAKE SURE TO SUPPORT YOUR CLAIMS WITH TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
1 Explain what of Othello’s and Desdemona’s characters makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain what of Othello and Desdemona’s relationship makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain Iago’s self-understanding (i.e., how he appraises his own character), and whether or not
this self-understanding is compatible with his motivations, desires, and actions.
4 Explain what Iago’s assessment of others is, whether or not his assessments are accurate, and what
relation these assessments have to the success of his plot.
5 Argue that Desdemona is herself an interesting character, and not merely an object for Othello’s
love and jealousy.
6 Explain the importance of visual evidence in Othello in general, and how it in particular relates to
knowledge of others.
7 Explain how the story of Othello may be read as the (tragic) failure by Othello to construct a stable
and coherent identity.
8 Identify the notion(s) of human nature advanced in Othello, and explain what relevance for the
action of the story these notions have.Intellectual Heritage 51 Paper Topics on Othello
Instructor Robert Guay
PAPERS ARE DUE AT 40pm ON THURSDAY 11 DECEMBER.
- there is no class on this day
- papers may be e-mailed (rguay@temple.edu or r_guay@hotmail.com)
- or you may drop them off in my mailbox (Anderson 7th floor)
- the absolute deadline to submit a paper under any circumstance, no matter
how many late days you have left, is AT THE TIME OF YOUR EXAM.
PLEASE ANSWER ONE OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN NO MORE THAN 1000 WORDS.
PLEASE SEE SYLLABUS FOR ADVICE ON WRITING PAPERS
MAKE SURE TO SUPPORT YOUR CLAIMS WITH TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
1 Explain what of Othello’s and Desdemona’s characters makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain what of Othello and Desdemona’s relationship makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain Iago’s self-understanding (i.e., how he appraises his own character), and whether or not
this self-understanding is compatible with his motivations, desires, and actions.
4 Explain what Iago’s assessment of others is, whether or not his assessments are accurate, and what
relation these assessments have to the success of his plot.
5 Argue that Desdemona is herself an interesting character, and not merely an object for Othello’s
love and jealousy.
6 Explain the importance of visual evidence in Othello in general, and how it in particular relates to
knowledge of others.
7 Explain how the story of Othello may be read as the (tragic) failure by Othello to construct a stable
and coherent identity.
8 Identify the notion(s) of human nature advanced in Othello, and explain what relevance for the
action of the story these notions have.Intellectual Heritage 51 Paper Topics on Othello
Instructor Robert Guay
PAPERS ARE DUE AT 40pm ON THURSDAY 11 DECEMBER.
- there is no class on this day
- papers may be e-mailed (rguay@temple.edu or r_guay@hotmail.com)
- or you may drop them off in my mailbox (Anderson 7th floor)
- the absolute deadline to submit a paper under any circumstance, no matter
how many late days you have left, is AT THE TIME OF YOUR EXAM.
PLEASE ANSWER ONE OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN NO MORE THAN 1000 WORDS.
PLEASE SEE SYLLABUS FOR ADVICE ON WRITING PAPERS
MAKE SURE TO SUPPORT YOUR CLAIMS WITH TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
1 Explain what of Othello’s and Desdemona’s characters makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain what of Othello and Desdemona’s relationship makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain Iago’s self-understanding (i.e., how he appraises his own character), and whether or not
this self-understanding is compatible with his motivations, desires, and actions.
4 Explain what Iago’s assessment of others is, whether or not his assessments are accurate, and what
relation these assessments have to the success of his plot.
5 Argue that Desdemona is herself an interesting character, and not merely an object for Othello’s
love and jealousy.
6 Explain the importance of visual evidence in Othello in general, and how it in particular relates to
knowledge of others.
7 Explain how the story of Othello may be read as the (tragic) failure by Othello to construct a stable
and coherent identity.
8 Identify the notion(s) of human nature advanced in Othello, and explain what relevance for the
action of the story these notions have.Intellectual Heritage 51 Paper Topics on Othello
Instructor Robert Guay
PAPERS ARE DUE AT 40pm ON THURSDAY 11 DECEMBER.
- there is no class on this day
- papers may be e-mailed (rguay@temple.edu or r_guay@hotmail.com)
- or you may drop them off in my mailbox (Anderson 7th floor)
- the absolute deadline to submit a paper under any circumstance, no matter
how many late days you have left, is AT THE TIME OF YOUR EXAM.
PLEASE ANSWER ONE OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN NO MORE THAN 1000 WORDS.
PLEASE SEE SYLLABUS FOR ADVICE ON WRITING PAPERS
MAKE SURE TO SUPPORT YOUR CLAIMS WITH TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
1 Explain what of Othello’s and Desdemona’s characters makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain what of Othello and Desdemona’s relationship makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain Iago’s self-understanding (i.e., how he appraises his own character), and whether or not
this self-understanding is compatible with his motivations, desires, and actions.
4 Explain what Iago’s assessment of others is, whether or not his assessments are accurate, and what
relation these assessments have to the success of his plot.
5 Argue that Desdemona is herself an interesting character, and not merely an object for Othello’s
love and jealousy.
6 Explain the importance of visual evidence in Othello in general, and how it in particular relates to
knowledge of others.
7 Explain how the story of Othello may be read as the (tragic) failure by Othello to construct a stable
and coherent identity.
8 Identify the notion(s) of human nature advanced in Othello, and explain what relevance for the
action of the story these notions have.
8 Identify the notion(s) of human nature advanced in Othello, and explain what relevance for the
action of the story these notions have.Intellectual Heritage 51 Paper Topics on Othello
Instructor Robert Guay
PAPERS ARE DUE AT 40pm ON THURSDAY 11 DECEMBER.
- there is no class on this day
- papers may be e-mailed (rguay@temple.edu or r_guay@hotmail.com)
- or you may drop them off in my mailbox (Anderson 7th floor)
- the absolute deadline to submit a paper under any circumstance, no matter
how many late days you have left, is AT THE TIME OF YOUR EXAM.
PLEASE ANSWER ONE OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN NO MORE THAN 1000 WORDS.
PLEASE SEE SYLLABUS FOR ADVICE ON WRITING PAPERS
MAKE SURE TO SUPPORT YOUR CLAIMS WITH TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
1 Explain what of Othello’s and Desdemona’s characters makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain what of Othello and Desdemona’s relationship makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain Iago’s self-understanding (i.e., how he appraises his own character), and whether or not
this self-understanding is compatible with his motivations, desires, and actions.
4 Explain what Iago’s assessment of others is, whether or not his assessments are accurate, and what
relation these assessments have to the success of his plot.
5 Argue that Desdemona is herself an interesting character, and not merely an object for Othello’s
love and jealousy.
6 Explain the importance of visual evidence in Othello in general, and how it in particular relates to
knowledge of others.
7 Explain how the story of Othello may be read as the (tragic) failure by Othello to construct a stable
and coherent identity.
8 Identify the notion(s) of human nature advanced in Othello, and explain what relevance for the
action of the story these notions have.Intellectual Heritage 51 Paper Topics on Othello
Instructor Robert Guay
PAPERS ARE DUE AT 40pm ON THURSDAY 11 DECEMBER.
- there is no class on this day
- papers may be e-mailed (rguay@temple.edu or r_guay@hotmail.com)
- or you may drop them off in my mailbox (Anderson 7th floor)
- the absolute deadline to submit a paper under any circumstance, no matter
how many late days you have left, is AT THE TIME OF YOUR EXAM.
PLEASE ANSWER ONE OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN NO MORE THAN 1000 WORDS.
PLEASE SEE SYLLABUS FOR ADVICE ON WRITING PAPERS
MAKE SURE TO SUPPORT YOUR CLAIMS WITH TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
1 Explain what of Othello’s and Desdemona’s characters makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain what of Othello and Desdemona’s relationship makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain Iago’s self-understanding (i.e., how he appraises his own character), and whether or not
this self-understanding is compatible with his motivations, desires, and actions.
4 Explain what Iago’s assessment of others is, whether or not his assessments are accurate, and what
relation these assessments have to the success of his plot.
5 Argue that Desdemona is herself an interesting character, and not merely an object for Othello’s
love and jealousy.
6 Explain the importance of visual evidence in Othello in general, and how it in particular relates to
knowledge of others.
7 Explain how the story of Othello may be read as the (tragic) failure by Othello to construct a stable
and coherent identity.
8 Identify the notion(s) of human nature advanced in Othello, and explain what relevance for the
action of the story these notions have.Intellectual Heritage 51 Paper Topics on Othello
Instructor Robert Guay
PAPERS ARE DUE AT 40pm ON THURSDAY 11 DECEMBER.
- there is no class on this day
- papers may be e-mailed (rguay@temple.edu or r_guay@hotmail.com)
- or you may drop them off in my mailbox (Anderson 7th floor)
- the absolute deadline to submit a paper under any circumstance, no matter
how many late days you have left, is AT THE TIME OF YOUR EXAM.
PLEASE ANSWER ONE OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN NO MORE THAN 1000 WORDS.
PLEASE SEE SYLLABUS FOR ADVICE ON WRITING PAPERS
MAKE SURE TO SUPPORT YOUR CLAIMS WITH TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
1 Explain what of Othello’s and Desdemona’s characters makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain what of Othello and Desdemona’s relationship makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain Iago’s self-understanding (i.e., how he appraises his own character), and whether or not
this self-understanding is compatible with his motivations, desires, and actions.
4 Explain what Iago’s assessment of others is, whether or not his assessments are accurate, and what
relation these assessments have to the success of his plot.
5 Argue that Desdemona is herself an interesting character, and not merely an object for Othello’s
love and jealousy.
6 Explain the importance of visual evidence in Othello in general, and how it in particular relates to
knowledge of others.
7 Explain how the story of Othello may be read as the (tragic) failure by Othello to construct a stable
and coherent identity.
8 Identify the notion(s) of human nature advanced in Othello, and explain what relevance for the
action of the story these notions have.Intellectual Heritage 51 Paper Topics on Othello
Instructor Robert Guay
PAPERS ARE DUE AT 40pm ON THURSDAY 11 DECEMBER.
- there is no class on this day
- papers may be e-mailed (rguay@temple.edu or r_guay@hotmail.com)
- or you may drop them off in my mailbox (Anderson 7th floor)
- the absolute deadline to submit a paper under any circumstance, no matter
how many late days you have left, is AT THE TIME OF YOUR EXAM.
PLEASE ANSWER ONE OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN NO MORE THAN 1000 WORDS.
PLEASE SEE SYLLABUS FOR ADVICE ON WRITING PAPERS
MAKE SURE TO SUPPORT YOUR CLAIMS WITH TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
1 Explain what of Othello’s and Desdemona’s characters makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain what of Othello and Desdemona’s relationship makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain Iago’s self-understanding (i.e., how he appraises his own character), and whether or not
this self-understanding is compatible with his motivations, desires, and actions.
4 Explain what Iago’s assessment of others is, whether or not his assessments are accurate, and what
relation these assessments have to the success of his plot.
5 Argue that Desdemona is herself an interesting character, and not merely an object for Othello’s
love and jealousy.
6 Explain the importance of visual evidence in Othello in general, and how it in particular relates to
knowledge of others.
7 Explain how the story of Othello may be read as the (tragic) failure by Othello to construct a stable
and coherent identity.
8 Identify the notion(s) of human nature advanced in Othello, and explain what relevance for the
action of the story these notions have.Intellectual Heritage 51 Paper Topics on Othello
Instructor Robert Guay
PAPERS ARE DUE AT 40pm ON THURSDAY 11 DECEMBER.
- there is no class on this day
- papers may be e-mailed (rguay@temple.edu or r_guay@hotmail.com)
- or you may drop them off in my mailbox (Anderson 7th floor)
- the absolute deadline to submit a paper under any circumstance, no matter
how many late days you have left, is AT THE TIME OF YOUR EXAM.
PLEASE ANSWER ONE OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN NO MORE THAN 1000 WORDS.
PLEASE SEE SYLLABUS FOR ADVICE ON WRITING PAPERS
MAKE SURE TO SUPPORT YOUR CLAIMS WITH TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
1 Explain what of Othello’s and Desdemona’s characters makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain what of Othello and Desdemona’s relationship makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain Iago’s self-understanding (i.e., how he appraises his own character), and whether or not
this self-understanding is compatible with his motivations, desires, and actions.
4 Explain what Iago’s assessment of others is, whether or not his assessments are accurate, and what
relation these assessments have to the success of his plot.
5 Argue that Desdemona is herself an interesting character, and not merely an object for Othello’s
love and jealousy.
6 Explain the importance of visual evidence in Othello in general, and how it in particular relates to
knowledge of others.
7 Explain how the story of Othello may be read as the (tragic) failure by Othello to construct a stable
and coherent identity.
8 Identify the notion(s) of human nature advanced in Othello, and explain what relevance for the
action of the story these notions have.Intellectual Heritage 51 Paper Topics on Othello
Instructor Robert Guay
PAPERS ARE DUE AT 40pm ON THURSDAY 11 DECEMBER.
- there is no class on this day
- papers may be e-mailed (rguay@temple.edu or r_guay@hotmail.com)
- or you may drop them off in my mailbox (Anderson 7th floor)
- the absolute deadline to submit a paper under any circumstance, no matter
how many late days you have left, is AT THE TIME OF YOUR EXAM.
PLEASE ANSWER ONE OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN NO MORE THAN 1000 WORDS.
PLEASE SEE SYLLABUS FOR ADVICE ON WRITING PAPERS
MAKE SURE TO SUPPORT YOUR CLAIMS WITH TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
1 Explain what of Othello’s and Desdemona’s characters makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain what of Othello and Desdemona’s relationship makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain Iago’s self-understanding (i.e., how he appraises his own character), and whether or not
this self-understanding is compatible with his motivations, desires, and actions.
4 Explain what Iago’s assessment of others is, whether or not his assessments are accurate, and what
relation these assessments have to the success of his plot.
5 Argue that Desdemona is herself an interesting character, and not merely an object for Othello’s
love and jealousy.
6 Explain the importance of visual evidence in Othello in general, and how it in particular relates to
knowledge of others.
7 Explain how the story of Othello may be read as the (tragic) failure by Othello to construct a stable
and coherent identity.
8 Identify the notion(s) of human nature advanced in Othello, and explain what relevance for the
action of the story these notions have.Intellectual Heritage 51 Paper Topics on Othello
Instructor Robert Guay
PAPERS ARE DUE AT 40pm ON THURSDAY 11 DECEMBER.
- there is no class on this day
- papers may be e-mailed (rguay@temple.edu or r_guay@hotmail.com)
- or you may drop them off in my mailbox (Anderson 7th floor)
- the absolute deadline to submit a paper under any circumstance, no matter
how many late days you have left, is AT THE TIME OF YOUR EXAM.
PLEASE ANSWER ONE OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN NO MORE THAN 1000 WORDS.
PLEASE SEE SYLLABUS FOR ADVICE ON WRITING PAPERS
MAKE SURE TO SUPPORT YOUR CLAIMS WITH TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
1 Explain what of Othello’s and Desdemona’s characters makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain what of Othello and Desdemona’s relationship makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain Iago’s self-understanding (i.e., how he appraises his own character), and whether or not
this self-understanding is compatible with his motivations, desires, and actions.
4 Explain what Iago’s assessment of others is, whether or not his assessments are accurate, and what
relation these assessments have to the success of his plot.
5 Argue that Desdemona is herself an interesting character, and not merely an object for Othello’s
love and jealousy.
6 Explain the importance of visual evidence in Othello in general, and how it in particular relates to
knowledge of others.
7 Explain how the story of Othello may be read as the (tragic) failure by Othello to construct a stable
and coherent identity.
8 Identify the notion(s) of human nature advanced in Othello, and explain what relevance for the
action of the story these notions have.Intellectual Heritage 51 Paper Topics on Othello
Instructor Robert Guay
PAPERS ARE DUE AT 40pm ON THURSDAY 11 DECEMBER.
- there is no class on this day
- papers may be e-mailed (rguay@temple.edu or r_guay@hotmail.com)
- or you may drop them off in my mailbox (Anderson 7th floor)
- the absolute deadline to submit a paper under any circumstance, no matter
how many late days you have left, is AT THE TIME OF YOUR EXAM.
PLEASE ANSWER ONE OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN NO MORE THAN 1000 WORDS.
PLEASE SEE SYLLABUS FOR ADVICE ON WRITING PAPERS
MAKE SURE TO SUPPORT YOUR CLAIMS WITH TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
1 Explain what of Othello’s and Desdemona’s characters makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain what of Othello and Desdemona’s relationship makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain Iago’s self-understanding (i.e., how he appraises his own character), and whether or not
this self-understanding is compatible with his motivations, desires, and actions.
4 Explain what Iago’s assessment of others is, whether or not his assessments are accurate, and what
relation these assessments have to the success of his plot.
5 Argue that Desdemona is herself an interesting character, and not merely an object for Othello’s
love and jealousy.
6 Explain the importance of visual evidence in Othello in general, and how it in particular relates to
knowledge of others.
7 Explain how the story of Othello may be read as the (tragic) failure by Othello to construct a stable
and coherent identity.
8 Identify the notion(s) of human nature advanced in Othello, and explain what relevance for the
action of the story these notions have.Intellectual Heritage 51 Paper Topics on Othello
Instructor Robert Guay
PAPERS ARE DUE AT 40pm ON THURSDAY 11 DECEMBER.
- there is no class on this day
- papers may be e-mailed (rguay@temple.edu or r_guay@hotmail.com)
- or you may drop them off in my mailbox (Anderson 7th floor)
- the absolute deadline to submit a paper under any circumstance, no matter
how many late days you have left, is AT THE TIME OF YOUR EXAM.
PLEASE ANSWER ONE OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN NO MORE THAN 1000 WORDS.
PLEASE SEE SYLLABUS FOR ADVICE ON WRITING PAPERS
MAKE SURE TO SUPPORT YOUR CLAIMS WITH TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
1 Explain what of Othello’s and Desdemona’s characters makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain what of Othello and Desdemona’s relationship makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain Iago’s self-understanding (i.e., how he appraises his own character), and whether or not
this self-understanding is compatible with his motivations, desires, and actions.
4 Explain what Iago’s assessment of others is, whether or not his assessments are accurate, and what
relation these assessments have to the success of his plot.
5 Argue that Desdemona is herself an interesting character, and not merely an object for Othello’s
love and jealousy.
6 Explain the importance of visual evidence in Othello in general, and how it in particular relates to
knowledge of others.
7 Explain how the story of Othello may be read as the (tragic) failure by Othello to construct a stable
and coherent identity.
8 Identify the notion(s) of human nature advanced in Othello, and explain what relevance for the
action of the story these notions have.Intellectual Heritage 51 Paper Topics on Othello
Instructor Robert Guay
PAPERS ARE DUE AT 40pm ON THURSDAY 11 DECEMBER.
- there is no class on this day
- papers may be e-mailed (rguay@temple.edu or r_guay@hotmail.com)
- or you may drop them off in my mailbox (Anderson 7th floor)
- the absolute deadline to submit a paper under any circumstance, no matter
how many late days you have left, is AT THE TIME OF YOUR EXAM.
PLEASE ANSWER ONE OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN NO MORE THAN 1000 WORDS.
PLEASE SEE SYLLABUS FOR ADVICE ON WRITING PAPERS
MAKE SURE TO SUPPORT YOUR CLAIMS WITH TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
1 Explain what of Othello’s and Desdemona’s characters makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain what of Othello and Desdemona’s relationship makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain Iago’s self-understanding (i.e., how he appraises his own character), and whether or not
this self-understanding is compatible with his motivations, desires, and actions.
4 Explain what Iago’s assessment of others is, whether or not his assessments are accurate, and what
relation these assessments have to the success of his plot.
5 Argue that Desdemona is herself an interesting character, and not merely an object for Othello’s
love and jealousy.
6 Explain the importance of visual evidence in Othello in general, and how it in particular relates to
knowledge of others.
7 Explain how the story of Othello may be read as the (tragic) failure by Othello to construct a stable
and coherent identity.Intellectual Heritage 51 Paper Topics on Othello
Instructor Robert Guay
PAPERS ARE DUE AT 40pm ON THURSDAY 11 DECEMBER.
- there is no class on this day
- papers may be e-mailed (rguay@temple.edu or r_guay@hotmail.com)
- or you may drop them off in my mailbox (Anderson 7th floor)
- the absolute deadline to submit a paper under any circumstance, no matter
how many late days you have left, is AT THE TIME OF YOUR EXAM.
PLEASE ANSWER ONE OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN NO MORE THAN 1000 WORDS.
PLEASE SEE SYLLABUS FOR ADVICE ON WRITING PAPERS
MAKE SURE TO SUPPORT YOUR CLAIMS WITH TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
1 Explain what of Othello’s and Desdemona’s characters makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain what of Othello and Desdemona’s relationship makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain Iago’s self-understanding (i.e., how he appraises his own character), and whether or not
this self-understanding is compatible with his motivations, desires, and actions.
4 Explain what Iago’s assessment of others is, whether or not his assessments are accurate, and what
relation these assessments have to the success of his plot.
5 Argue that Desdemona is herself an interesting character, and not merely an object for Othello’s
love and jealousy.
6 Explain the importance of visual evidence in Othello in general, and how it in particular relates to
knowledge of others.
7 Explain how the story of Othello may be read as the (tragic) failure by Othello to construct a stable
and coherent identity.Intellectual Heritage 51 Paper Topics on Othello
Instructor Robert Guay
PAPERS ARE DUE AT 40pm ON THURSDAY 11 DECEMBER.
- there is no class on this day
- papers may be e-mailed (rguay@temple.edu or r_guay@hotmail.com)
- or you may drop them off in my mailbox (Anderson 7th floor)
- the absolute deadline to submit a paper under any circumstance, no matter
how many late days you have left, is AT THE TIME OF YOUR EXAM.
PLEASE ANSWER ONE OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN NO MORE THAN 1000 WORDS.
PLEASE SEE SYLLABUS FOR ADVICE ON WRITING PAPERS
MAKE SURE TO SUPPORT YOUR CLAIMS WITH TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
1 Explain what of Othello’s and Desdemona’s characters makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain what of Othello and Desdemona’s relationship makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain Iago’s self-understanding (i.e., how he appraises his own character), and whether or not
this self-understanding is compatible with his motivations, desires, and actions.
4 Explain what Iago’s assessment of others is, whether or not his assessments are accurate, and what
relation these assessments have to the success of his plot.
5 Argue that Desdemona is herself an interesting character, and not merely an object for Othello’s
love and jealousy.
6 Explain the importance of visual evidence in Othello in general, and how it in particular relates to
knowledge of others.
7 Explain how the story of Othello may be read as the (tragic) failure by Othello to construct a stable
and coherent identity.Intellectual Heritage 51 Paper Topics on Othello
Instructor Robert Guay
PAPERS ARE DUE AT 40pm ON THURSDAY 11 DECEMBER.
- there is no class on this day
- papers may be e-mailed (rguay@temple.edu or r_guay@hotmail.com)
- or you may drop them off in my mailbox (Anderson 7th floor)
- the absolute deadline to submit a paper under any circumstance, no matter
how many late days you have left, is AT THE TIME OF YOUR EXAM.
PLEASE ANSWER ONE OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN NO MORE THAN 1000 WORDS.
PLEASE SEE SYLLABUS FOR ADVICE ON WRITING PAPERS
MAKE SURE TO SUPPORT YOUR CLAIMS WITH TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
1 Explain what of Othello’s and Desdemona’s characters makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain what of Othello and Desdemona’s relationship makes them susceptible to Iago’s plot.
Explain Iago’s self-understanding (i.e., how he appraises his own character), and whether or not
this self-understanding is compatible with his motivations, desires, and actions.
4 Explain what Iago’s assessment of others is, whether or not his assessments are accurate, and what
relation these assessments have to the success of his plot.
5 Argue that Desdemona is herself an interesting character, and not merely an object for Othello’s
love and jealousy.
6 Explain the importance of visual evidence in Othello in general, and how it in particular relates to
knowledge of others.
7 Explain how the story of Othello may be read as the (tragic) failure by Othello to construct a stable
and coherent identity.
8 Identify the notion(s) of human nature advanced in Othello, and explain what relevance for the
action of the story these notions have.
8 Identify the notion(s) of human nature advanced in Othello, and explain what relevance for the
action of the story these notions have.
8 Identify the notion(s) of human nature advanced in Othello, and explain what relevance for the
action of the story these notions have.
8 Identify the notion(s) of human nature advanced in Othello, and explain what relevance for the
action of the story these notions have.
Mind that the sample papers like Intellectual presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Showing posts with label example of a persuasive essay. Show all posts
Showing posts with label example of a persuasive essay. Show all posts
Tuesday, 30 April 2013
Thursday, 24 January 2013
personal computer
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like personal computer even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like personal computer in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Apple Launches Brand Advertising Campaign
Think Different Honors Creative Geniuses Who Have Changed the World
Think Different Ad Campaign Photography
CUPERTINO, Calif.--Sept. , 17--Apple Computer, Inc. launched its first major brand advertising campaign in several years with a new 60 second television commercial which aired twice Sunday evening during the network premier of Toy Story on ABCs Wonderful World of Disney.
The new campaign, Think Different, honors many of the creative geniuses who have changed the world in this century, including Albert Einstein, Mahatma Gandhi, Pablo Picasso, Martin Luther King, John Lennon, Ted Turner, Martha Graham, Jim Henson, Thomas Edison, Alfred Hitchcock, Richard Branson, Muhammed Ali, Maria Callas, Frank Lloyd Wright and Amelia Earhart.
Think Different celebrates the soul of the Apple brand--that creative people with passion can change the world for the better, said Steve Jobs, Apples interim CEO. Apple is dedicated to making the best tools in the world for creative individuals everywhere.
The Think Different campaign is the first work by Apple and TBWA Chiat/Day in over a decade. Their previous collaboration produced many award winning ads, including the now-legendary 184, voted the best ad of all time by advertising professionals. The campaign includes television and print advertising, billboards, wall paintings, bus shelters, bus wraps and posters.
This advertising campaign has been a labor of love. Apple and Jobs are part of our agencys history. We are setting a new course for the Apple brand that can be part of defining Apples future and we love this kind of opportunity, said Lee Clow, chairman TBWA Chiat/Day and chief creative director worldwide.
Apple Computer, Inc. ignited the personal computer revolution in the 170s with the Apple II, and reinvented the personal computer in the 180s with the Macintosh. Apple is now recommitted to its original mission - to bring the best personal computing products and support to students, educators, designers, scientists, engineers, businesspersons and consumers in over 140 countries around the world.
TBWA Chiat/Day is part of TBWA International, an Omnicom company and the 15th largest advertising network in the world, with offices in 57 countries. TBWA Chiat/Day clients include Nissan, Taco Bell, Polygram/Gramercy, ABC Television, Infiniti, Seagram, Absolut, Energizer, Champion, Sony PlayStation and New York Life
Mind that the sample papers like personal computer presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Apple Launches Brand Advertising Campaign
Think Different Honors Creative Geniuses Who Have Changed the World
Think Different Ad Campaign Photography
CUPERTINO, Calif.--Sept. , 17--Apple Computer, Inc. launched its first major brand advertising campaign in several years with a new 60 second television commercial which aired twice Sunday evening during the network premier of Toy Story on ABCs Wonderful World of Disney.
The new campaign, Think Different, honors many of the creative geniuses who have changed the world in this century, including Albert Einstein, Mahatma Gandhi, Pablo Picasso, Martin Luther King, John Lennon, Ted Turner, Martha Graham, Jim Henson, Thomas Edison, Alfred Hitchcock, Richard Branson, Muhammed Ali, Maria Callas, Frank Lloyd Wright and Amelia Earhart.
Think Different celebrates the soul of the Apple brand--that creative people with passion can change the world for the better, said Steve Jobs, Apples interim CEO. Apple is dedicated to making the best tools in the world for creative individuals everywhere.
The Think Different campaign is the first work by Apple and TBWA Chiat/Day in over a decade. Their previous collaboration produced many award winning ads, including the now-legendary 184, voted the best ad of all time by advertising professionals. The campaign includes television and print advertising, billboards, wall paintings, bus shelters, bus wraps and posters.
This advertising campaign has been a labor of love. Apple and Jobs are part of our agencys history. We are setting a new course for the Apple brand that can be part of defining Apples future and we love this kind of opportunity, said Lee Clow, chairman TBWA Chiat/Day and chief creative director worldwide.
Apple Computer, Inc. ignited the personal computer revolution in the 170s with the Apple II, and reinvented the personal computer in the 180s with the Macintosh. Apple is now recommitted to its original mission - to bring the best personal computing products and support to students, educators, designers, scientists, engineers, businesspersons and consumers in over 140 countries around the world.
TBWA Chiat/Day is part of TBWA International, an Omnicom company and the 15th largest advertising network in the world, with offices in 57 countries. TBWA Chiat/Day clients include Nissan, Taco Bell, Polygram/Gramercy, ABC Television, Infiniti, Seagram, Absolut, Energizer, Champion, Sony PlayStation and New York Life
Mind that the sample papers like personal computer presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Sunday, 9 September 2012
konbini
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like konbini even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like konbini in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Executive Summary
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the business of the convenience store in Japan retail sector. This paper addresses the general concept, the structure, and the changing roles in the convenience store in Japan.
Introduction
The concept of convenience stores was originally from the United States nearly 40 years ago. When the first convenience stores in the U.S. opened in 174, they were just places to sell daily necessities, from food, magazines, to clothing and only be paired with gas stations. Convenience stores in Japan, however, differ from those in the United States although the major role is still to provide daily necessities food.
Japanese had studied management practices from the U.S. convenience store and invented their own business techniques. With its dense urban populations, limited-space homes, and small retail-store stock, Japan was ideally suited to the convenience-store format. Two possible reasons that convenience store position in Japans retail sector is so strong today are from their innovative products and service and the unique distribution system. The concept of U.S. convenience store was modified and transformed into Japanese original retailing concept to focus on achieving both on the economy of scale and scope. “Konbini or Konbiniensu stoa”, which is the term Japanese calls the convenience stores, is a high-technology version of the U.S. convenience store. It is a place for customers not only to buy products but also to get services. They also fit into Japans logistics system since delivery companies use Konbini like distributing offices. There is highly competitive in this business and companies are trying to use several strategies to increase its sales and retain customers and use e-commerce as the driving force to gain the competitive advantage in the future.
History
In the Japanese retail sector history, convenience stores have been growing significantly in recent years. In the earlier years, convenience stores introduced itself as the general store which provides a wide range of products operating 4 hours a day. The first technology used in convenience store was called “Point of Sales system”. It helped store managers gather in the information storing that was related to sales. The benefit from using Point of Sales (POS) helped managers a better decision on product order volume and delivery which links to the concept of Just-in-time (JIT) in the present. Thus, convenience stores had improved better performance than general stores. General stores later had experienced declining in sales due to the increased competition, economic downturn, and the deflation. However, convenience store sales still rose from .8 trillion yen in 1 to 6.18 trillion yen in 18. Although the economy in Japan has experienced ups and downs since then, convenience stores have remained at that desirable level throughout this year.
After the retail industry deregulation, it was opening the way for new offerings that fit the convenience store services strategy. The convenience store has been dominated by three stores, Seven-Eleven Japan, Lawson, and FamilyMart since then. In 16, there were only about ,000 convenience stores in Japan, which estimates a population per store around 4,000. The key companies perceived this as a chance to expand as many as stores. With the increasing and intensive competition, many independent stores could not survive and completely shut down which resulted the total convenience store to decline by ,000 to ,67 stores in early 001. In 00, the top four convenience stores had sales over 67 % of total convenience store sales. By that year, convenience store business was expected to reach its market saturation level. There were 55,658 convenience stores in 00 and a population of ,000 people per store.
General information of key companies
Seven-eleven Japan
Seven-Eleven Japan is the largest convenience store in Japan by stores volumes and sales. The total sales in 00 was 44.0 billions yen which was increasing 10.% from last year and the total stores nationwide was ,60 which was up for 1.4% from last year. It successfully keeps the position of the first rank in convenience stores for rd consecutive years through this February 00. Store locations heavily concentrated in the Tokyo region in which 1,00 stores are and also in Osaka. The majority earnings are from the rice balls and streak products. The company has branched out its business model into e-commerce (7dream.com) and food delivery (Seven-Meal service). Seven-eleven Japan is a 50.6%-owned subsidiary of Ito-Yokado, the Japanese retailer that holds 7% of Seven-eleven in Northern America.
Lawson
Lawson is the second largest convenience store. Lawson, which headquarter located in the Osaka area, is the only chain store that operates in everywhere in Japan. It has more than 7,700 stores throughout Japan and nearby countries. The company was established in 175 as a subsidiary of Daiei, Inc, Japan’s largest GMS. Daiei has been reducing its shareholding, making the company essentially independent, though it has come increasingly under the influence of Mitsubishi Corp. However, during a year through February 00, Lawson got decreases in profit for 45% of about 8.86 billion because of the 1 unprofitable stores and their early retirement program. At the end of the February, Lawson has remaining stores on 7,65 domestic outlets.
FamilyMart
FamilyMart is the third largest convenience store company by number of stores and sales in Japan but becomes one of the largest franchised retailers in Korea. Their store locations are primarily located in Tokyo area. FamilyMart was established in 181. It was a former member of the Seibu Saison group, and considered to be a part of the Itochu group since 18. FamilyMart is focused in Tokyo and Nagoya, Japans third largest metropolitan area.
Table 1 shows the company performance and financial statement of key convenience stores in 00.
Table 1 General information on key conveniences stores in Japan in year 00 (ending at February 00)
(Yen billions) Seven-Eleven Lawson FamilyMart
Revenue 44.0 56.11 15
Operating income 155.86 6.6
Number of stores ,60 7,65 6,01
Average daily sales per store 656 48 50
Source Japan’s retail industry and Seven-eleven, Lawson Company, and FamilyMart annual reports in year 00.
Target Market
In 00, Japanese marketers formed the target groups of convenience store by this
- Men between the ages of 5-60, shop at a convenience store three times a week.
- Students and single men average shop at a convenience store four times per week.
- Working women from 1 to 4 years old shop two to three times per week.
- Housewives and female teens visit two to three times per week.
Business strategies
The key strategy for most Japanese convenience store is to concern on the economy of scope by adding products and services to attract more customers, even though most services do not contribute to profits directly. Another strategy used is to form partnership outside the convenience store sector to create the strategic alliances and expand the potential sales. However, only Seven-eleven Japan company still exploits the benefit of the economy of scale and scope. Seven-eleven Japan still focuses on the aggressive store expansion to take advantage of cost-effective distribution and higher local recognition. There are 10,000 seven-eleven stores expanding ever since started and around 1 outlets in the first six-month period on 00. It also starts to expand around the country. In 00, Seven-eleven opened 54 outlets in Aichi where it has never accessed this location before. In term of economy of scope, besides the main benefit for their original items, which account for the majority sales, the firm also seeks to find products and services diversification as well as the variety kinds of their proprietary merchandise, which is developed together with makers of national brands.
Product and service diversification and differentiation
Box-lunch
Seven-eleven successfully targeted the local tastes in target areas such as Sendai where the company introduced beef-tongue boxes lunch.
Seven-Meal Service
Seven-eleven created a new business model as an expansion of the chains extensive fast-food operation called “Seven-Meal Service”. The service provides prepared meals and packages of cooking ingredients for customers who find that daily meal preparation is not convenient. Items can be ordered by telephone, fax, and Internet, or at Seven-Eleven stores and can be picked up at the store or delivered using vehicles that can keep the food at required temperatures. The service was established in August 000 and was available about 40% of Seven-eleven Japan stores in February 00.
Oden
Oden, which means vegetables, fish dumplings and other types of food simmered slowly in a soup, becomes more attractive and result as the competitive merchandise among convenience store in the winter session. FamilyMart pushed the oden times as its product differentiation by investing in those cooking equipment in their 4,000 stores. FamilyMart accounted for oden products to boost up the profit in 00 as they predicted that there would be increasing in the average sales of oden from last winter of 0,000 and 10,000 yen per store per day.
Tickets
Lawson established its own concert, movie, and event ticket company called “Lawson Tickets Co. Ltd (LTCL)”. TLCL started in July 1 to handle airline tickets and tickets to Disneyland and Universal Studios. Distribution channels are Lawson and Daiei stores, including via phone. LTCL was growing about 0% per year, reaching ¥ billion in revenues for 001. LTCL is profitable than PIA, the Japan’s largest ticket company because PIA sold tickets for a wider range of events while Lawson targeted customers in age 0s and 0s by knowing that their existing customers are in range. The idea seems to have worked, though overall ticket sales in the first part of 00 were down 11% from the previous year and operating income was down 4%.
Point Programs
Most convenience stores offer point cards”, which give their customers points based on the amount of purchases. Lawson and Family Mart were firstly introducing this idea. Although Seven-eleven Japan resisted following this idea, it was forced to do the same. The point card intention is to reward customer loyalty. Getting a credit card issued by one of the convenience stores automatically makes customers become members to earn points. FamilyMart claimed that a list of items points could be redeemed for. When purchasing, it awards 1.4 points for each 100 yen, and after collecting 1000 points, a customer can use them to buy items at FamilyMart stores.
Utility payment (electricity, water, gas, telephone bills)
Convenience stores provided payment services for utility bills in 187 and have become an important activity. In 001, Seven-eleven Japan reported that it had over % of the total Japanese payments market, which includes payments from banks and the postal system. This represented some ¥0 billion in payments and involved over 16 million transactions on behalf of 1 companies. During 000, Lawson processed 8 million transactions for a total of 650 billion yen. In 001 transaction value, mainly from public utility payment (telephone, electricity, gas, water), rose to 74 billion yen and commissions were 5.7 billion yen, up to 7.% year on year. Payment services have grown about 0% annually since 15.
Package shipping
In the mid 10s package shipping was added in convenience store by evolving into a drop-off site and as the ship-to address for their customers. Seven-eleven Japan used Yamato Unyu (Black Cat), Japans largest package-delivery firm. During the year ended February 00 SEJ handled 1.8 million such parcels.
The competitive advantage of using e-commerce strategy
Convenience stores in Japan are now facilitating Internet access and e-commerce. Japanese convenience stores are exploiting the concept of technology differently from the United States e-commerce business model. Because knowing that their customers are reluctant to make credit card payment over the Internet or telephone, Japanese convenience stores now concern on evolve themselves as a third-party payment services which requires substantial IT infrastructure. They are cooperating tightly with their IT-based alliances called “e-retsu” and deal with the database management with the use of smart cell phones called telematics.
retsu often refer to those companies which have no previous alliance relationship but have common shareholding. Japanese firms are normally used to cooperate to take advantage of new business opportunities. Similarly to keiretsu concept, the motivation in forming an e-retsu is to form expertise in a new venture in which all companies hold share and raise capital to invest in R&D and technical expertise.
Telematics referred to interactive computer mediated communications. It is the intersection of informatics (the processing and application of data with specific goals and objectives) and telecommunications, especially wireless communications in a mobile environment. For example, it enables the linking of mobile devices and wired solutions to achieve a multi-media result. Seven-Eleven Japan and Sony is one of the good example that Sony have an agreement to offer high-speed downloading of games for PlayStation using its centralized server. Seven-Eleven stores can offer a selection of games and only has to store blank CDs. This is how convenience stores cooperate with their partners to use telematic idea to create their strategies and build competitive barriers. The pressure on video game rental stores and software shops is enormous.
The first e-retsu was 7dream.com. It owned by seven companies and involving several others that provide goods and services, its web site was launched in February 000. Seven-eleven Japan intended to promote it as the largest e-commerce businesses in Japan. The concept of the service comes from the result polls indicate that 70% of Japanese dislike using credit cards for online purchases. Thus, after placing orders on the Web, customers can pick up and pay for them at any Seven-Eleven shop. Seven-Eleven attracts .6 billion customers yearly--a daily average of 50 per shop. 7dream.com can be accessed directly over the Internet and other networks, including those open to mobile phones and direct TV. Net sales in 001 were 1,170 million yen, compared to ¥617 million in 000.
Lawson, on the other hand, recognized the entrance into e-commerce actually began with the development of third-party bill settlement services in 15. Lawson has developed a multi-channel e-commerce system based on the Internet, mobile phones, and multimedia kiosks. It calls this business model as the BC e-commerce activity @Lawson, and its web site, at lawson.co.jp, was launched in December 1. An affiliate, e-Context, handles product delivery, agency transaction settlements, and other @Lawson agency activities. It is 48 % owned by Lawson, 10% by Mitsubishi Corp, and the balance by various other companies. Lawson perceived e-commerce to be very important currently and prospectively. “In e-commerce, which include the Internet and NTT DoCoMo’s i-mode mobile service, our store network facilitates Lawson’s existing services-settlement services and product pick-up at stores. We aim to provide these services for a fee to retailers and service providers that sell on line. The key element differentiating Lawson from other chains is our nationwide presence. Clients using Lawson services will thus have access to consumers throughout Japan, unlocking a host of new Net business opportunities. Leading companies have already honed in on our strengths. We have, for example, launched joint ventures with NTT DoCoMo, Inc, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd and Mitsubishi Corp. Indeed, Lawson’s competitive advantage also lies in being able to tap into these companies’ wealth of resources.” (Lawson 000 Annual Report.)
Situation Analysis
In order to analyze the future position of the firms in the convenience store sector, I use the situation analysis theory to analyze the past and current situations, strategies, and trends to predict the future outcome. It can be divided into five major areas of concern.
1. The Cooperative Environment
Konbini is now cooperating with several companies outside the convenience store industry. For example, Japan Post, a public corporation that took over postal services from the government, has been reinforcing tie-ups with Lawson, which operates convenience stores across Japan. Japan Post had an agreement to analyze the possibility of letting all Lawson stores accept postal parcels. If the process is successful, Lawson will represent as Japan Post to deliver small parcels throughout its nationwide convenience store chain in order to strengthen their business alliance. Lawson offers facilities where customers can write letters or work on their own computers to browse the Internet via the stores wireless LAN network. The store sells envelopes, postcards and other merchandise related to postal services, in addition to goods sold at other Lawson stores. The store, which is open 4 hours, sells stamps and accepts parcels outside the post offices business hours.
. The Competitive Environment
Potential Competition
Except for the rivals inside the convenience store industry, Konibi companies have to aware of the new competitor outside their sector called “Supa”. Supa stands for the newly open 4-hour supermarket. Although Konbini is still proliferating and expanding, Supa copy the concept the all-day-available service like convenience stores and has opened more than 100 stores around the country. The main strength of Supa is that it offers lower price comparing with Konbini and Supa has more various merchandises than Konbini. However, Supa had to consider the cost involving with the new concept it used. In order to open 4-hour, it requires the technology to run refrigeration system all day and need to acquire overnight workers like Konbini does.
External Competition
With the highly demanding consumers and intensive competition, convenience store market in Japan has become a challenge for foreign companies to invest. Japanese convenience store market is the worlds second biggest market after the United States, and these shows the opportunities for foreign companies to penetrate into the market. Massive foreign supermarket store companies such as Tesco and Carrefour have tapped into Japan and tried to conquer both in wholesaling and retailing sector. Although Japanese convenience store sector is fragmented, it is still difficult for foreign companies to acquire the market share due to the already saturated market, international acquisition law, and the consumer behavior in Japanese people. It resulted that Carrefour had to scale back its expansion from 1 stores in 00 to only 7 stores while Tesco is still trying to acquire C Two-Network, one of the retailing companies in Japan.
Outsider Competition
Regarding with utility payment service, the convenience stores are competing against the banks, which accept payments at their teller windows and through their ATMs. The ubiquity and longer hours of convenience stores give them a clear advantage for those paying cash. However, according to the Japan Bankers Association, banks also offer automatic direct-debit transfers, and an estimated 80% of utility bill payments.
. The Economic Environment
According to the Japan Franchise Association, In this year, the sales of Japanese convenience stores fell down for 1.% from last year. The primary reason focuses on the decline on a fall in the average spending per customer resulting from the prolonged economic recession. However, the number of customers on the February 00 showed the increasing of .6% from last year.
4. The Political Environment
Besides those financial institutions such as bank and brokerages, which allow to sell bonds in public, Japanese financial minister expected to sell government bonds to individual via convenience stores. In order to fill the government budget deficit, government analyzed the convenience stores as the connection to the individual investors. Because convenience store provides the idea of easy buy and familiar setting, it is likely that convenience stores could easily offer the government bond transaction to encourage the individuals. Although the process has not approved in the final procedure yet, the financial service agency has to submit to the current diet session an amendment to the securities and exchange law to allow convenience stores to be commissioned by brokerages to engage in equity and government bond transaction.
5. The legal environment
Due to the recession from the bubble economy period that affected sever decline in many Japan sectors, Japan government started to restructure the fundamental of the law since then. The Japanese government started amending the Law in 1. Among its provisions, the amended Law reduced the coordination period for new store openings to one year from a year and a half, and it eliminated the coordination processes by local business people altogether. Further changes were made in the regulatory implementation of the Law in May 14. The floor area subject to advance review was raised from 500 m to 1,000 m. Also, the number of unregulated closing days per year was reduced from 44 to 4, and stores that formerly were required to close at 7 PM were allowed to stay open until 8 PM. These changes made it easier to open and operate large retail stores. Convenience store sector are one of those sectors which using this deregulation to push the strategy of the aggressively opening stores to expand its revenue. In the other hand, the deregulation was also destroying the barrier entry which allows the foreign companies to gain the market segmentation of the Japan convenience store.
Conclusion
Although most convenience stores are successfully using product and service diversification, partnership alliances, and e-commerce distribution channel. It could not guarantee the continuing successful outcome in the future. E-commerce in the convenience store last year accounted for $. billion which is relatively small comparing with the total e-commerce industry.
Many companies tried to expand to the nearby countries FamilyMart and Lawson are now considering to move into China. They realized that Chinese market would have more potential to grow greater than the Japanese Market. However, in Shanghai, there are more than ,000 convenience stores and the number of these shops is still increasing rapidly. Lawson launched an outlet there in 16 and now has about 0 shops in Shanghai. But most outlets are locally owned. FamilyMart also doubted about the certain level of demand and people’s income to tap into those countries. Moreover, the consumer behaviors in China are also different from those in Japan. How could they successfully introduce the traditional Japanese food into Chinese people? It requires more market research and the new product and service development to fit with Chinese people, and the more important thing, they have to analyze the distribution system which will be suitable with the China’s big geographic area, which is totally different from Japan.
Bibliography
Biesada, Alex. Lawson, Inc. Fact sheet. Retrieved Nov. 00 from http//www.hoovers.com/lawson/--ID__10766--/free-co-factsheet.xhtml.
Biesada, Alex. Seven-Eleven Japan Co., Ltd. Fact sheet Retrieved Nov. 00 from
http//www.hoovers.com/seven-eleven-japan/--ID__55764--/free-co-factsheet.xhtml.
Convenience store inside post office. Japan Economic Newswire 5 Aug. 00.
Delivering To King Consumer - Do Japans C-Stores Have the Answers? Independent Publishing 1 July 000, 04.
FamilyMart financial summary. FamilyMart Co Ltd. Retrieved from www.family.co.jp
Frederick, Jim. The rise of 7-Eleven is a welcome victory for corporate Japan. Time Asia 00. Retrieved 4 Nov. 00 from http//www.time.com/time/asia/00/cool_japan/711.html.
Growing convenience. 4 Oct. 00. Japan Information Network. Retrieved 5 Nov. 00 from http//www.jinjapan.org/trends/business/bus0104.html.
Kazuhiko, Fukunaga. (March 001) At our konbini. LOOK Japan. Retrieved Nov. 00 from http//research.yale.edu/wwkelly/restricted/Japan_journalism/LOOKJapan_010.htm.
Kunii, Irene M. From convenience store to online behemoth? Business Week 10 Apr. 000 n. page.
Hoffman, Michael. Supa trades blows with konbini. The Japan Times 1 Sept. 00.
Lawson Inc financial summary. Lawson Inc. Retrieved from http//www.lawson.co.jp/e/ir/pdf/ir_00last_tanshin_e.pdf.
Oden is secret weapon in 4-hour stores war for customers. The Japan Times 16 Nov. 00.
PROFILE - JAPANS RETAIL INDUSTRY (JULY 00). Asia Pulse News 01 July 00.
Rapp, William V., & Mazhar ul Islam. (May 00) Putting e-Commerce to Work The Japanese Convenience Store Case. Retrieved 5 Nov. 00 from http//www-1.gsb.columbia.edu/japan/pdf/WP1.pdf.
Seven-Eleven earnings up rd straight year. The Japan Times 11Apr.00.
Seven-eleven Japan Co. Ltd. Financial summary. Seven-eleven Japan. Retrieved from http//www.sej.co.jp.
Stiles, Shane. (7 March 000) Konbini Commerce - Japanese Convenience stores and e-commerce. Retrieved 0 Nov. 00 from http//www.gate.com/business/konbinicommerce.aspx.
Sutherland, Ewan. Seven-eleven in Japan. Retrieved 1 Nov. 00 from
http//www.sutherla.dircon.co.uk/7-eleven/Japan/.
Tachino, Koki (March 000). Convenient, Connected. Japan Inc Magazine. Retrieved 18 Nov. 00 from http//www.japaninc.com/article.php?articleID=86.
The changing service industries of Japan. JETRO Ocenia. Retrieved 6 Nov. 00 from http//www.jetro.org.au/reports/other/sdist.pdf.
Uranaka, Taiga. Lawsons profit plunges 45% on outlet closures. The Japan Times 16 Apr. 00.
Mind that the sample papers like konbini presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Executive Summary
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the business of the convenience store in Japan retail sector. This paper addresses the general concept, the structure, and the changing roles in the convenience store in Japan.
Introduction
The concept of convenience stores was originally from the United States nearly 40 years ago. When the first convenience stores in the U.S. opened in 174, they were just places to sell daily necessities, from food, magazines, to clothing and only be paired with gas stations. Convenience stores in Japan, however, differ from those in the United States although the major role is still to provide daily necessities food.
Japanese had studied management practices from the U.S. convenience store and invented their own business techniques. With its dense urban populations, limited-space homes, and small retail-store stock, Japan was ideally suited to the convenience-store format. Two possible reasons that convenience store position in Japans retail sector is so strong today are from their innovative products and service and the unique distribution system. The concept of U.S. convenience store was modified and transformed into Japanese original retailing concept to focus on achieving both on the economy of scale and scope. “Konbini or Konbiniensu stoa”, which is the term Japanese calls the convenience stores, is a high-technology version of the U.S. convenience store. It is a place for customers not only to buy products but also to get services. They also fit into Japans logistics system since delivery companies use Konbini like distributing offices. There is highly competitive in this business and companies are trying to use several strategies to increase its sales and retain customers and use e-commerce as the driving force to gain the competitive advantage in the future.
History
In the Japanese retail sector history, convenience stores have been growing significantly in recent years. In the earlier years, convenience stores introduced itself as the general store which provides a wide range of products operating 4 hours a day. The first technology used in convenience store was called “Point of Sales system”. It helped store managers gather in the information storing that was related to sales. The benefit from using Point of Sales (POS) helped managers a better decision on product order volume and delivery which links to the concept of Just-in-time (JIT) in the present. Thus, convenience stores had improved better performance than general stores. General stores later had experienced declining in sales due to the increased competition, economic downturn, and the deflation. However, convenience store sales still rose from .8 trillion yen in 1 to 6.18 trillion yen in 18. Although the economy in Japan has experienced ups and downs since then, convenience stores have remained at that desirable level throughout this year.
After the retail industry deregulation, it was opening the way for new offerings that fit the convenience store services strategy. The convenience store has been dominated by three stores, Seven-Eleven Japan, Lawson, and FamilyMart since then. In 16, there were only about ,000 convenience stores in Japan, which estimates a population per store around 4,000. The key companies perceived this as a chance to expand as many as stores. With the increasing and intensive competition, many independent stores could not survive and completely shut down which resulted the total convenience store to decline by ,000 to ,67 stores in early 001. In 00, the top four convenience stores had sales over 67 % of total convenience store sales. By that year, convenience store business was expected to reach its market saturation level. There were 55,658 convenience stores in 00 and a population of ,000 people per store.
General information of key companies
Seven-eleven Japan
Seven-Eleven Japan is the largest convenience store in Japan by stores volumes and sales. The total sales in 00 was 44.0 billions yen which was increasing 10.% from last year and the total stores nationwide was ,60 which was up for 1.4% from last year. It successfully keeps the position of the first rank in convenience stores for rd consecutive years through this February 00. Store locations heavily concentrated in the Tokyo region in which 1,00 stores are and also in Osaka. The majority earnings are from the rice balls and streak products. The company has branched out its business model into e-commerce (7dream.com) and food delivery (Seven-Meal service). Seven-eleven Japan is a 50.6%-owned subsidiary of Ito-Yokado, the Japanese retailer that holds 7% of Seven-eleven in Northern America.
Lawson
Lawson is the second largest convenience store. Lawson, which headquarter located in the Osaka area, is the only chain store that operates in everywhere in Japan. It has more than 7,700 stores throughout Japan and nearby countries. The company was established in 175 as a subsidiary of Daiei, Inc, Japan’s largest GMS. Daiei has been reducing its shareholding, making the company essentially independent, though it has come increasingly under the influence of Mitsubishi Corp. However, during a year through February 00, Lawson got decreases in profit for 45% of about 8.86 billion because of the 1 unprofitable stores and their early retirement program. At the end of the February, Lawson has remaining stores on 7,65 domestic outlets.
FamilyMart
FamilyMart is the third largest convenience store company by number of stores and sales in Japan but becomes one of the largest franchised retailers in Korea. Their store locations are primarily located in Tokyo area. FamilyMart was established in 181. It was a former member of the Seibu Saison group, and considered to be a part of the Itochu group since 18. FamilyMart is focused in Tokyo and Nagoya, Japans third largest metropolitan area.
Table 1 shows the company performance and financial statement of key convenience stores in 00.
Table 1 General information on key conveniences stores in Japan in year 00 (ending at February 00)
(Yen billions) Seven-Eleven Lawson FamilyMart
Revenue 44.0 56.11 15
Operating income 155.86 6.6
Number of stores ,60 7,65 6,01
Average daily sales per store 656 48 50
Source Japan’s retail industry and Seven-eleven, Lawson Company, and FamilyMart annual reports in year 00.
Target Market
In 00, Japanese marketers formed the target groups of convenience store by this
- Men between the ages of 5-60, shop at a convenience store three times a week.
- Students and single men average shop at a convenience store four times per week.
- Working women from 1 to 4 years old shop two to three times per week.
- Housewives and female teens visit two to three times per week.
Business strategies
The key strategy for most Japanese convenience store is to concern on the economy of scope by adding products and services to attract more customers, even though most services do not contribute to profits directly. Another strategy used is to form partnership outside the convenience store sector to create the strategic alliances and expand the potential sales. However, only Seven-eleven Japan company still exploits the benefit of the economy of scale and scope. Seven-eleven Japan still focuses on the aggressive store expansion to take advantage of cost-effective distribution and higher local recognition. There are 10,000 seven-eleven stores expanding ever since started and around 1 outlets in the first six-month period on 00. It also starts to expand around the country. In 00, Seven-eleven opened 54 outlets in Aichi where it has never accessed this location before. In term of economy of scope, besides the main benefit for their original items, which account for the majority sales, the firm also seeks to find products and services diversification as well as the variety kinds of their proprietary merchandise, which is developed together with makers of national brands.
Product and service diversification and differentiation
Box-lunch
Seven-eleven successfully targeted the local tastes in target areas such as Sendai where the company introduced beef-tongue boxes lunch.
Seven-Meal Service
Seven-eleven created a new business model as an expansion of the chains extensive fast-food operation called “Seven-Meal Service”. The service provides prepared meals and packages of cooking ingredients for customers who find that daily meal preparation is not convenient. Items can be ordered by telephone, fax, and Internet, or at Seven-Eleven stores and can be picked up at the store or delivered using vehicles that can keep the food at required temperatures. The service was established in August 000 and was available about 40% of Seven-eleven Japan stores in February 00.
Oden
Oden, which means vegetables, fish dumplings and other types of food simmered slowly in a soup, becomes more attractive and result as the competitive merchandise among convenience store in the winter session. FamilyMart pushed the oden times as its product differentiation by investing in those cooking equipment in their 4,000 stores. FamilyMart accounted for oden products to boost up the profit in 00 as they predicted that there would be increasing in the average sales of oden from last winter of 0,000 and 10,000 yen per store per day.
Tickets
Lawson established its own concert, movie, and event ticket company called “Lawson Tickets Co. Ltd (LTCL)”. TLCL started in July 1 to handle airline tickets and tickets to Disneyland and Universal Studios. Distribution channels are Lawson and Daiei stores, including via phone. LTCL was growing about 0% per year, reaching ¥ billion in revenues for 001. LTCL is profitable than PIA, the Japan’s largest ticket company because PIA sold tickets for a wider range of events while Lawson targeted customers in age 0s and 0s by knowing that their existing customers are in range. The idea seems to have worked, though overall ticket sales in the first part of 00 were down 11% from the previous year and operating income was down 4%.
Point Programs
Most convenience stores offer point cards”, which give their customers points based on the amount of purchases. Lawson and Family Mart were firstly introducing this idea. Although Seven-eleven Japan resisted following this idea, it was forced to do the same. The point card intention is to reward customer loyalty. Getting a credit card issued by one of the convenience stores automatically makes customers become members to earn points. FamilyMart claimed that a list of items points could be redeemed for. When purchasing, it awards 1.4 points for each 100 yen, and after collecting 1000 points, a customer can use them to buy items at FamilyMart stores.
Utility payment (electricity, water, gas, telephone bills)
Convenience stores provided payment services for utility bills in 187 and have become an important activity. In 001, Seven-eleven Japan reported that it had over % of the total Japanese payments market, which includes payments from banks and the postal system. This represented some ¥0 billion in payments and involved over 16 million transactions on behalf of 1 companies. During 000, Lawson processed 8 million transactions for a total of 650 billion yen. In 001 transaction value, mainly from public utility payment (telephone, electricity, gas, water), rose to 74 billion yen and commissions were 5.7 billion yen, up to 7.% year on year. Payment services have grown about 0% annually since 15.
Package shipping
In the mid 10s package shipping was added in convenience store by evolving into a drop-off site and as the ship-to address for their customers. Seven-eleven Japan used Yamato Unyu (Black Cat), Japans largest package-delivery firm. During the year ended February 00 SEJ handled 1.8 million such parcels.
The competitive advantage of using e-commerce strategy
Convenience stores in Japan are now facilitating Internet access and e-commerce. Japanese convenience stores are exploiting the concept of technology differently from the United States e-commerce business model. Because knowing that their customers are reluctant to make credit card payment over the Internet or telephone, Japanese convenience stores now concern on evolve themselves as a third-party payment services which requires substantial IT infrastructure. They are cooperating tightly with their IT-based alliances called “e-retsu” and deal with the database management with the use of smart cell phones called telematics.
retsu often refer to those companies which have no previous alliance relationship but have common shareholding. Japanese firms are normally used to cooperate to take advantage of new business opportunities. Similarly to keiretsu concept, the motivation in forming an e-retsu is to form expertise in a new venture in which all companies hold share and raise capital to invest in R&D and technical expertise.
Telematics referred to interactive computer mediated communications. It is the intersection of informatics (the processing and application of data with specific goals and objectives) and telecommunications, especially wireless communications in a mobile environment. For example, it enables the linking of mobile devices and wired solutions to achieve a multi-media result. Seven-Eleven Japan and Sony is one of the good example that Sony have an agreement to offer high-speed downloading of games for PlayStation using its centralized server. Seven-Eleven stores can offer a selection of games and only has to store blank CDs. This is how convenience stores cooperate with their partners to use telematic idea to create their strategies and build competitive barriers. The pressure on video game rental stores and software shops is enormous.
The first e-retsu was 7dream.com. It owned by seven companies and involving several others that provide goods and services, its web site was launched in February 000. Seven-eleven Japan intended to promote it as the largest e-commerce businesses in Japan. The concept of the service comes from the result polls indicate that 70% of Japanese dislike using credit cards for online purchases. Thus, after placing orders on the Web, customers can pick up and pay for them at any Seven-Eleven shop. Seven-Eleven attracts .6 billion customers yearly--a daily average of 50 per shop. 7dream.com can be accessed directly over the Internet and other networks, including those open to mobile phones and direct TV. Net sales in 001 were 1,170 million yen, compared to ¥617 million in 000.
Lawson, on the other hand, recognized the entrance into e-commerce actually began with the development of third-party bill settlement services in 15. Lawson has developed a multi-channel e-commerce system based on the Internet, mobile phones, and multimedia kiosks. It calls this business model as the BC e-commerce activity @Lawson, and its web site, at lawson.co.jp, was launched in December 1. An affiliate, e-Context, handles product delivery, agency transaction settlements, and other @Lawson agency activities. It is 48 % owned by Lawson, 10% by Mitsubishi Corp, and the balance by various other companies. Lawson perceived e-commerce to be very important currently and prospectively. “In e-commerce, which include the Internet and NTT DoCoMo’s i-mode mobile service, our store network facilitates Lawson’s existing services-settlement services and product pick-up at stores. We aim to provide these services for a fee to retailers and service providers that sell on line. The key element differentiating Lawson from other chains is our nationwide presence. Clients using Lawson services will thus have access to consumers throughout Japan, unlocking a host of new Net business opportunities. Leading companies have already honed in on our strengths. We have, for example, launched joint ventures with NTT DoCoMo, Inc, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd and Mitsubishi Corp. Indeed, Lawson’s competitive advantage also lies in being able to tap into these companies’ wealth of resources.” (Lawson 000 Annual Report.)
Situation Analysis
In order to analyze the future position of the firms in the convenience store sector, I use the situation analysis theory to analyze the past and current situations, strategies, and trends to predict the future outcome. It can be divided into five major areas of concern.
1. The Cooperative Environment
Konbini is now cooperating with several companies outside the convenience store industry. For example, Japan Post, a public corporation that took over postal services from the government, has been reinforcing tie-ups with Lawson, which operates convenience stores across Japan. Japan Post had an agreement to analyze the possibility of letting all Lawson stores accept postal parcels. If the process is successful, Lawson will represent as Japan Post to deliver small parcels throughout its nationwide convenience store chain in order to strengthen their business alliance. Lawson offers facilities where customers can write letters or work on their own computers to browse the Internet via the stores wireless LAN network. The store sells envelopes, postcards and other merchandise related to postal services, in addition to goods sold at other Lawson stores. The store, which is open 4 hours, sells stamps and accepts parcels outside the post offices business hours.
. The Competitive Environment
Potential Competition
Except for the rivals inside the convenience store industry, Konibi companies have to aware of the new competitor outside their sector called “Supa”. Supa stands for the newly open 4-hour supermarket. Although Konbini is still proliferating and expanding, Supa copy the concept the all-day-available service like convenience stores and has opened more than 100 stores around the country. The main strength of Supa is that it offers lower price comparing with Konbini and Supa has more various merchandises than Konbini. However, Supa had to consider the cost involving with the new concept it used. In order to open 4-hour, it requires the technology to run refrigeration system all day and need to acquire overnight workers like Konbini does.
External Competition
With the highly demanding consumers and intensive competition, convenience store market in Japan has become a challenge for foreign companies to invest. Japanese convenience store market is the worlds second biggest market after the United States, and these shows the opportunities for foreign companies to penetrate into the market. Massive foreign supermarket store companies such as Tesco and Carrefour have tapped into Japan and tried to conquer both in wholesaling and retailing sector. Although Japanese convenience store sector is fragmented, it is still difficult for foreign companies to acquire the market share due to the already saturated market, international acquisition law, and the consumer behavior in Japanese people. It resulted that Carrefour had to scale back its expansion from 1 stores in 00 to only 7 stores while Tesco is still trying to acquire C Two-Network, one of the retailing companies in Japan.
Outsider Competition
Regarding with utility payment service, the convenience stores are competing against the banks, which accept payments at their teller windows and through their ATMs. The ubiquity and longer hours of convenience stores give them a clear advantage for those paying cash. However, according to the Japan Bankers Association, banks also offer automatic direct-debit transfers, and an estimated 80% of utility bill payments.
. The Economic Environment
According to the Japan Franchise Association, In this year, the sales of Japanese convenience stores fell down for 1.% from last year. The primary reason focuses on the decline on a fall in the average spending per customer resulting from the prolonged economic recession. However, the number of customers on the February 00 showed the increasing of .6% from last year.
4. The Political Environment
Besides those financial institutions such as bank and brokerages, which allow to sell bonds in public, Japanese financial minister expected to sell government bonds to individual via convenience stores. In order to fill the government budget deficit, government analyzed the convenience stores as the connection to the individual investors. Because convenience store provides the idea of easy buy and familiar setting, it is likely that convenience stores could easily offer the government bond transaction to encourage the individuals. Although the process has not approved in the final procedure yet, the financial service agency has to submit to the current diet session an amendment to the securities and exchange law to allow convenience stores to be commissioned by brokerages to engage in equity and government bond transaction.
5. The legal environment
Due to the recession from the bubble economy period that affected sever decline in many Japan sectors, Japan government started to restructure the fundamental of the law since then. The Japanese government started amending the Law in 1. Among its provisions, the amended Law reduced the coordination period for new store openings to one year from a year and a half, and it eliminated the coordination processes by local business people altogether. Further changes were made in the regulatory implementation of the Law in May 14. The floor area subject to advance review was raised from 500 m to 1,000 m. Also, the number of unregulated closing days per year was reduced from 44 to 4, and stores that formerly were required to close at 7 PM were allowed to stay open until 8 PM. These changes made it easier to open and operate large retail stores. Convenience store sector are one of those sectors which using this deregulation to push the strategy of the aggressively opening stores to expand its revenue. In the other hand, the deregulation was also destroying the barrier entry which allows the foreign companies to gain the market segmentation of the Japan convenience store.
Conclusion
Although most convenience stores are successfully using product and service diversification, partnership alliances, and e-commerce distribution channel. It could not guarantee the continuing successful outcome in the future. E-commerce in the convenience store last year accounted for $. billion which is relatively small comparing with the total e-commerce industry.
Many companies tried to expand to the nearby countries FamilyMart and Lawson are now considering to move into China. They realized that Chinese market would have more potential to grow greater than the Japanese Market. However, in Shanghai, there are more than ,000 convenience stores and the number of these shops is still increasing rapidly. Lawson launched an outlet there in 16 and now has about 0 shops in Shanghai. But most outlets are locally owned. FamilyMart also doubted about the certain level of demand and people’s income to tap into those countries. Moreover, the consumer behaviors in China are also different from those in Japan. How could they successfully introduce the traditional Japanese food into Chinese people? It requires more market research and the new product and service development to fit with Chinese people, and the more important thing, they have to analyze the distribution system which will be suitable with the China’s big geographic area, which is totally different from Japan.
Bibliography
Biesada, Alex. Lawson, Inc. Fact sheet. Retrieved Nov. 00 from http//www.hoovers.com/lawson/--ID__10766--/free-co-factsheet.xhtml.
Biesada, Alex. Seven-Eleven Japan Co., Ltd. Fact sheet Retrieved Nov. 00 from
http//www.hoovers.com/seven-eleven-japan/--ID__55764--/free-co-factsheet.xhtml.
Convenience store inside post office. Japan Economic Newswire 5 Aug. 00.
Delivering To King Consumer - Do Japans C-Stores Have the Answers? Independent Publishing 1 July 000, 04.
FamilyMart financial summary. FamilyMart Co Ltd. Retrieved from www.family.co.jp
Frederick, Jim. The rise of 7-Eleven is a welcome victory for corporate Japan. Time Asia 00. Retrieved 4 Nov. 00 from http//www.time.com/time/asia/00/cool_japan/711.html.
Growing convenience. 4 Oct. 00. Japan Information Network. Retrieved 5 Nov. 00 from http//www.jinjapan.org/trends/business/bus0104.html.
Kazuhiko, Fukunaga. (March 001) At our konbini. LOOK Japan. Retrieved Nov. 00 from http//research.yale.edu/wwkelly/restricted/Japan_journalism/LOOKJapan_010.htm.
Kunii, Irene M. From convenience store to online behemoth? Business Week 10 Apr. 000 n. page.
Hoffman, Michael. Supa trades blows with konbini. The Japan Times 1 Sept. 00.
Lawson Inc financial summary. Lawson Inc. Retrieved from http//www.lawson.co.jp/e/ir/pdf/ir_00last_tanshin_e.pdf.
Oden is secret weapon in 4-hour stores war for customers. The Japan Times 16 Nov. 00.
PROFILE - JAPANS RETAIL INDUSTRY (JULY 00). Asia Pulse News 01 July 00.
Rapp, William V., & Mazhar ul Islam. (May 00) Putting e-Commerce to Work The Japanese Convenience Store Case. Retrieved 5 Nov. 00 from http//www-1.gsb.columbia.edu/japan/pdf/WP1.pdf.
Seven-Eleven earnings up rd straight year. The Japan Times 11Apr.00.
Seven-eleven Japan Co. Ltd. Financial summary. Seven-eleven Japan. Retrieved from http//www.sej.co.jp.
Stiles, Shane. (7 March 000) Konbini Commerce - Japanese Convenience stores and e-commerce. Retrieved 0 Nov. 00 from http//www.gate.com/business/konbinicommerce.aspx.
Sutherland, Ewan. Seven-eleven in Japan. Retrieved 1 Nov. 00 from
http//www.sutherla.dircon.co.uk/7-eleven/Japan/.
Tachino, Koki (March 000). Convenient, Connected. Japan Inc Magazine. Retrieved 18 Nov. 00 from http//www.japaninc.com/article.php?articleID=86.
The changing service industries of Japan. JETRO Ocenia. Retrieved 6 Nov. 00 from http//www.jetro.org.au/reports/other/sdist.pdf.
Uranaka, Taiga. Lawsons profit plunges 45% on outlet closures. The Japan Times 16 Apr. 00.
Mind that the sample papers like konbini presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Friday, 10 August 2012
renaissance
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Renaissance Period
The Renaissance
The renaissance approximately started in the 100 hundreds and finished in the 1600 hundreds. The European countries that embraced the renaissance culture were Spain, Italy and the Netherlands. The Renaissance means Rebirth. The ancient Greece and ancient Rome were civilizations who acted as role models during the Renaissance. The Catholic Church did not like the ideas of the Renaissance because they did not want their authority to be questioned. The reformation was the reforming of the church.
People who lived in the Renaissance
Johann Gutenberg was important because he invented the printing press. Some great writers who lived in the Renaissance period were William Shakespeare and Thomas More. A big discovery that made a big difference to Europe was that Christopher Columbus discovered that the world was not flat. The first major city of the Renaissance was Florence. This was when the Medici Family became its rulers. Even though the church was powerful, Nicholas Copernicus objected to the teachings that the church made about the earth being the middle of the universe. However, Nicholas Copernicus believed that the sun was the middle of the universe. After this, the population began to question the church’s teachings.
The Superstitions of the Renaissance people were the witches. Upper class people only had the money to go to school and the most important subject was Latin. They went to school for ten hours per day and six days a week. The three genius artists of the high Renaissance were Michael Angelo, who painted the ceiling of a church, Raphael, who painted the Madonna and child, and Leonardo Da Vinci, who painted the Mona Lisa.
Artists of the Renaissance period focused on making their paintings more realistic.
Martin Luther was born in Eisleben, Germany in 148. He is the son of Hans Luther. His father wanted him to be a lawyer but Martin Luther wanted to study the Scriptures. Then he came to become a powerful and influential preacher. He died in his hometown, Eisleben, Germany in February 1546. He was buried in the castle church in Wittenberg.
Mind that the sample papers like renaissance presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Renaissance Period
The Renaissance
The renaissance approximately started in the 100 hundreds and finished in the 1600 hundreds. The European countries that embraced the renaissance culture were Spain, Italy and the Netherlands. The Renaissance means Rebirth. The ancient Greece and ancient Rome were civilizations who acted as role models during the Renaissance. The Catholic Church did not like the ideas of the Renaissance because they did not want their authority to be questioned. The reformation was the reforming of the church.
People who lived in the Renaissance
Johann Gutenberg was important because he invented the printing press. Some great writers who lived in the Renaissance period were William Shakespeare and Thomas More. A big discovery that made a big difference to Europe was that Christopher Columbus discovered that the world was not flat. The first major city of the Renaissance was Florence. This was when the Medici Family became its rulers. Even though the church was powerful, Nicholas Copernicus objected to the teachings that the church made about the earth being the middle of the universe. However, Nicholas Copernicus believed that the sun was the middle of the universe. After this, the population began to question the church’s teachings.
The Superstitions of the Renaissance people were the witches. Upper class people only had the money to go to school and the most important subject was Latin. They went to school for ten hours per day and six days a week. The three genius artists of the high Renaissance were Michael Angelo, who painted the ceiling of a church, Raphael, who painted the Madonna and child, and Leonardo Da Vinci, who painted the Mona Lisa.
Artists of the Renaissance period focused on making their paintings more realistic.
Martin Luther was born in Eisleben, Germany in 148. He is the son of Hans Luther. His father wanted him to be a lawyer but Martin Luther wanted to study the Scriptures. Then he came to become a powerful and influential preacher. He died in his hometown, Eisleben, Germany in February 1546. He was buried in the castle church in Wittenberg.
Mind that the sample papers like renaissance presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Friday, 4 May 2012
Underage Drinking
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Underage Drinking even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Underage Drinking in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
UNDERAGE DRINKING
My report is on underage drinking and on the causes of underage drinking. In this report I will explain the underling cause of why people consume alcohol under the age of 1and I will also share some statistics on what happens to people who drink under the age of 1. In this report you will find several different facts that I got off the internet or I got from interviewing people in person no matter where I may have gotten these facts you will find that they all lead to one thing and that is either death or destruction. I will also share some of the different drinking ages around the world with you and you will also find that many of those people who are telling you they drink do to peer pressure or to fit in chances are that they are using it for an easy way out because most studies will support the fact that young people are drinking do to other causes and they don’t include peer pressure I am not saying that this is the case everywhere but it is the case the majority of the time.
Most people ask why underage drinking is such a problem here in the United States and they also want to know what they can do about it but yet those same people can go out and have a drink every night and that is ok. Those same people can also buy alcohol for minors and never think twice so let me ask you where is the problem.
Mind that the sample papers like Underage Drinking presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
UNDERAGE DRINKING
My report is on underage drinking and on the causes of underage drinking. In this report I will explain the underling cause of why people consume alcohol under the age of 1and I will also share some statistics on what happens to people who drink under the age of 1. In this report you will find several different facts that I got off the internet or I got from interviewing people in person no matter where I may have gotten these facts you will find that they all lead to one thing and that is either death or destruction. I will also share some of the different drinking ages around the world with you and you will also find that many of those people who are telling you they drink do to peer pressure or to fit in chances are that they are using it for an easy way out because most studies will support the fact that young people are drinking do to other causes and they don’t include peer pressure I am not saying that this is the case everywhere but it is the case the majority of the time.
Most people ask why underage drinking is such a problem here in the United States and they also want to know what they can do about it but yet those same people can go out and have a drink every night and that is ok. Those same people can also buy alcohol for minors and never think twice so let me ask you where is the problem.
Mind that the sample papers like Underage Drinking presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Eastman Kodak Company¡GFuntime Film
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Eastman Kodak Company¡GFuntime Film even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Eastman Kodak Company¡GFuntime Film in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Situation Analysis
Although continuing its overwhelming domination of the photo film market, Kodak has suffered 6% of declines in film market share. This mainly resulted form fierce competition by Fuji Photo Film Co. and Konica Corp., selling consumer lower-priced films. Furthermore, since Kodak could not sell film on a private label basis, consumer is the only target to regain the revenue. Therefore, Kodak proposed to introduce a brand, Funtime, to fight with Fuji and Konica in economy class of film. With the introduction of Funtime, Kodak formed a -tiered product line, that is, Royal Gold, Gold plus, and Funtime.
III. The U.S. Photo Film Market Analysis
In a five years¡¦ observation, the photo film market¡¦s annual unit growth rate averaged only %. Obviously, it¡¦s been at matured stage of product life cycle, meaning the most possible way to win market share is to switch competitors¡¦ customers. That also forced Kodak to pay more attention to the price-sensitive consumer and launch Funtime in order not to be absent in economy photo film battle. However, to introduce a new product in the almost saturated market may cause cannibalization so that some patrons of Kodak Gold plus switch to Funtime.
IV. Segmentation
Before 14, the product line of Kodak photo film is Ektar, targeting serious amateurs and professionals, and Gold plus, targeting families. Ektar is using behavior segmentation to serve those experienced amateurs, and Gold plus is using demographic segmentation and emphasizing on the family life cycle, which has been the main theme of Kodak communication strategy. However, a useful segmentation should be the largest possible homogeneous group worth going after with a tailored marketing program. A segmentation like Ektar¡¦s might be too small to create a sustainable competitive advantage. Therefore, it is very smart for Kodak to replace Ektar with a broader positioned superpremium brand, Royal Gold. Because Royal Gold is positioned for ¡§very special occasions¡¨, it enlarges the possible homogeneous group of consumers. Its targeting market is far larger than Ektar¡¦s, although they both use behavioral segmentation. Furthermore, another behavioral segmentation variables, benefits, is chosen by Kodak. According to Consumer reports, November 1, most films is no better or no worse than their competitors of the same speed. When quality is impossible to be improved significantly, price and brand image is especially important for consumers. Therefore, Kodak have to launch Funtime to feed the growing body of price-sensitive consumers and to compete with Fujicolor Super G and Agfacolor XRG in economy brands. I think the product line composed of Royal Gold, Gold plus, and Funtime is better than it was because it bases a substantial, accessible, and differentiable segmentation.
V. Consumer Behavior Analysis
Photo film is typically a low-involvement category, and Kodak has been trying to manipulate consumer¡¦s decision by associating Kodak¡¦s products with affective attitude. For example, we are all familiar with its tagline, ¡§Share moments. Share life¡¨. Kodak has always advertised heavily, and spent a lot of money every year. Kodak uses family and emotional appeals to communicate with consumers to build a solid brand image in their minds. And Kodak also sponsored ¡§American Phtography-A century of images¡¨ and ¡§The Journey The Next 100 Years¡¨ projects to educate and remind people the important roles of photographs in our life; it implies how important Kodak is as well. This is a form of classical conditioning.
Although the fierce competition of film has threatened Kodak somehow, it could be in favor of Kodak. When purchasing a low-involvement product, consumers tend to choose the most familiar brand. So Kodak¡¦s strong brand equity is its major strength, and this is what all the advertising budgets paid for. Those TV commercials, promotions, and campaigns are to push Kodak to become one of evoke set with top-of-mind-awareness.
VI. New Product Introduction¡GThe Funtime Strategy
I have few concerns about the marketing strategy of Funtime film.
First, Fumtime is an intelligent idea but also a risky one because we can not know how consumer would react to the offering economy brand of Kodak. In consumer¡¦s reception, quality and price is always a trade-off. When Kodak introduced Funtime, consumer might doubt its quality and harm the brand equity of Kodak. I can¡¦t tell if Kodak did some marketing research or test before this decision, but I think it would be an necessary action.
Second, Kodak allocated zero advertising support to Funtime. Generally, introducing a new product would need more budget to create awareness, to run campaigns, and to encourage first trial. Then it would lead to repurchase. Lack of advertising effort would result in low awareness and lengthen the learning curve of consumers.
Third, when Funtime was introduced, Kodak made a strange decision to offer Funtime only twice a year at off-peak film use times. From a view of consumer product, a continuous space presence is very important. Usually we are expecting the product presences exactly the same shelf space with that in our memory. When a consumer walks in a department store shopping for photo films, and there is no Funtime available, what will he or she do? Pick another brand of film! Since the consumer is price-sensitive, he or she may not be brand-royal. So it is very likely he or she walks out with competitor¡¦s products.
People buy photo films usually is for some occasions or events, such as birthday party or vacation. When there is the need, it has to be satisfied very soon. Photo film is more like convenient goods than shopping goods. However, Kodak decide to sell Funtime only when the need of films is low. This might lead to many Funtime in stock.
From logistic point of view, I also doubt if Kodak has the power to force the retailers to rearrange the shelf display every - months for a low-priced product like Funtime. Furthermore, it is unknown that whether the retailer will follow Kodak¡¦s rule to sell Funtime at particular seasons.
Finally, Funtime is only sold in ¡§value packs¡¨. Kodak probably was trying to match the finding of Wolfman report. The report stated that the majority of the films are purchased in ¡§multipacks¡¨ which contained approximately - rolls of film per package. Nevertheless, due to lack of awareness, consumer may receive higher risk of buying a Funtime value pack.
Though stating several disagreement with Funtime strategy, I agree with one of its strategy. I agree to offer Funtime film only in the two lowest speeds. To those price shopper, we are able to assume that they are not experienced photographers. If Kodak offer all speeds of Funtime film, it is highly possible to confuse the consumer and arouse many trouble while their decision making process. For the low-involvement product, we just have to provide simple and quick solution to our customers.
VII. Alternatives for Kodak Funtime Film
1. In order to make continuous presence and availability of Funtime, I suggest that Funtime be sold year round. Since Kodak recognized a segment of price-sensitive consumer, it has to propose a marketing program to offer the benefits which the target cares most. Kodak should offer Funtime film year round and keep the line on price. To maintain stable availability makes repeat purchase easier. Another aggressive way to encourage repeat purchase is to insert certain coupon in the package. Therefore, the list price of Funtime film could be still higher than competitors to maintain the brand image as superiority, but customers can get the benefits as a good deal.
. When introducing a new product, it is important to lower the risk of trial. So I suggest Kodak to launch single pack of Funtime in the initial stage of this product.
. Maybe Kodak could introduce Funtime in some region or in several state at the first place. To see what the consumer receive and how they response to the new product would give Kodak much valuable information to decide the launching plan of Funtime film, and to avoid making mistakes.
4. I suggest allocating advertising budget for Funtime film. The budget should be much less than Royal Gold and Gold plus because we don¡¦t want to jeopardize the quality, premium image of Kodak. We have to use commercials to educate consumers that Funtime film is a good choice because it inherits Kodak¡¦s quality and with an attractive price.
5. Kodak was successful to recognize the growing trend of price shoppers. It would be better if Kodak could know the segment better. For example, the demographic of the segment would give Kodak a clear picture to maket Funtime film. Those price-sensitive consumers may be the high school students or college students. Kodak can run special events in summer vacation to interest them. Or they might be blue-collar status with certain level of income. There are so many ways to reach the segment closer and satisfy their needs deeper.
Mind that the sample papers like Eastman Kodak Company¡GFuntime Film presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Situation Analysis
Although continuing its overwhelming domination of the photo film market, Kodak has suffered 6% of declines in film market share. This mainly resulted form fierce competition by Fuji Photo Film Co. and Konica Corp., selling consumer lower-priced films. Furthermore, since Kodak could not sell film on a private label basis, consumer is the only target to regain the revenue. Therefore, Kodak proposed to introduce a brand, Funtime, to fight with Fuji and Konica in economy class of film. With the introduction of Funtime, Kodak formed a -tiered product line, that is, Royal Gold, Gold plus, and Funtime.
III. The U.S. Photo Film Market Analysis
In a five years¡¦ observation, the photo film market¡¦s annual unit growth rate averaged only %. Obviously, it¡¦s been at matured stage of product life cycle, meaning the most possible way to win market share is to switch competitors¡¦ customers. That also forced Kodak to pay more attention to the price-sensitive consumer and launch Funtime in order not to be absent in economy photo film battle. However, to introduce a new product in the almost saturated market may cause cannibalization so that some patrons of Kodak Gold plus switch to Funtime.
IV. Segmentation
Before 14, the product line of Kodak photo film is Ektar, targeting serious amateurs and professionals, and Gold plus, targeting families. Ektar is using behavior segmentation to serve those experienced amateurs, and Gold plus is using demographic segmentation and emphasizing on the family life cycle, which has been the main theme of Kodak communication strategy. However, a useful segmentation should be the largest possible homogeneous group worth going after with a tailored marketing program. A segmentation like Ektar¡¦s might be too small to create a sustainable competitive advantage. Therefore, it is very smart for Kodak to replace Ektar with a broader positioned superpremium brand, Royal Gold. Because Royal Gold is positioned for ¡§very special occasions¡¨, it enlarges the possible homogeneous group of consumers. Its targeting market is far larger than Ektar¡¦s, although they both use behavioral segmentation. Furthermore, another behavioral segmentation variables, benefits, is chosen by Kodak. According to Consumer reports, November 1, most films is no better or no worse than their competitors of the same speed. When quality is impossible to be improved significantly, price and brand image is especially important for consumers. Therefore, Kodak have to launch Funtime to feed the growing body of price-sensitive consumers and to compete with Fujicolor Super G and Agfacolor XRG in economy brands. I think the product line composed of Royal Gold, Gold plus, and Funtime is better than it was because it bases a substantial, accessible, and differentiable segmentation.
V. Consumer Behavior Analysis
Photo film is typically a low-involvement category, and Kodak has been trying to manipulate consumer¡¦s decision by associating Kodak¡¦s products with affective attitude. For example, we are all familiar with its tagline, ¡§Share moments. Share life¡¨. Kodak has always advertised heavily, and spent a lot of money every year. Kodak uses family and emotional appeals to communicate with consumers to build a solid brand image in their minds. And Kodak also sponsored ¡§American Phtography-A century of images¡¨ and ¡§The Journey The Next 100 Years¡¨ projects to educate and remind people the important roles of photographs in our life; it implies how important Kodak is as well. This is a form of classical conditioning.
Although the fierce competition of film has threatened Kodak somehow, it could be in favor of Kodak. When purchasing a low-involvement product, consumers tend to choose the most familiar brand. So Kodak¡¦s strong brand equity is its major strength, and this is what all the advertising budgets paid for. Those TV commercials, promotions, and campaigns are to push Kodak to become one of evoke set with top-of-mind-awareness.
VI. New Product Introduction¡GThe Funtime Strategy
I have few concerns about the marketing strategy of Funtime film.
First, Fumtime is an intelligent idea but also a risky one because we can not know how consumer would react to the offering economy brand of Kodak. In consumer¡¦s reception, quality and price is always a trade-off. When Kodak introduced Funtime, consumer might doubt its quality and harm the brand equity of Kodak. I can¡¦t tell if Kodak did some marketing research or test before this decision, but I think it would be an necessary action.
Second, Kodak allocated zero advertising support to Funtime. Generally, introducing a new product would need more budget to create awareness, to run campaigns, and to encourage first trial. Then it would lead to repurchase. Lack of advertising effort would result in low awareness and lengthen the learning curve of consumers.
Third, when Funtime was introduced, Kodak made a strange decision to offer Funtime only twice a year at off-peak film use times. From a view of consumer product, a continuous space presence is very important. Usually we are expecting the product presences exactly the same shelf space with that in our memory. When a consumer walks in a department store shopping for photo films, and there is no Funtime available, what will he or she do? Pick another brand of film! Since the consumer is price-sensitive, he or she may not be brand-royal. So it is very likely he or she walks out with competitor¡¦s products.
People buy photo films usually is for some occasions or events, such as birthday party or vacation. When there is the need, it has to be satisfied very soon. Photo film is more like convenient goods than shopping goods. However, Kodak decide to sell Funtime only when the need of films is low. This might lead to many Funtime in stock.
From logistic point of view, I also doubt if Kodak has the power to force the retailers to rearrange the shelf display every - months for a low-priced product like Funtime. Furthermore, it is unknown that whether the retailer will follow Kodak¡¦s rule to sell Funtime at particular seasons.
Finally, Funtime is only sold in ¡§value packs¡¨. Kodak probably was trying to match the finding of Wolfman report. The report stated that the majority of the films are purchased in ¡§multipacks¡¨ which contained approximately - rolls of film per package. Nevertheless, due to lack of awareness, consumer may receive higher risk of buying a Funtime value pack.
Though stating several disagreement with Funtime strategy, I agree with one of its strategy. I agree to offer Funtime film only in the two lowest speeds. To those price shopper, we are able to assume that they are not experienced photographers. If Kodak offer all speeds of Funtime film, it is highly possible to confuse the consumer and arouse many trouble while their decision making process. For the low-involvement product, we just have to provide simple and quick solution to our customers.
VII. Alternatives for Kodak Funtime Film
1. In order to make continuous presence and availability of Funtime, I suggest that Funtime be sold year round. Since Kodak recognized a segment of price-sensitive consumer, it has to propose a marketing program to offer the benefits which the target cares most. Kodak should offer Funtime film year round and keep the line on price. To maintain stable availability makes repeat purchase easier. Another aggressive way to encourage repeat purchase is to insert certain coupon in the package. Therefore, the list price of Funtime film could be still higher than competitors to maintain the brand image as superiority, but customers can get the benefits as a good deal.
. When introducing a new product, it is important to lower the risk of trial. So I suggest Kodak to launch single pack of Funtime in the initial stage of this product.
. Maybe Kodak could introduce Funtime in some region or in several state at the first place. To see what the consumer receive and how they response to the new product would give Kodak much valuable information to decide the launching plan of Funtime film, and to avoid making mistakes.
4. I suggest allocating advertising budget for Funtime film. The budget should be much less than Royal Gold and Gold plus because we don¡¦t want to jeopardize the quality, premium image of Kodak. We have to use commercials to educate consumers that Funtime film is a good choice because it inherits Kodak¡¦s quality and with an attractive price.
5. Kodak was successful to recognize the growing trend of price shoppers. It would be better if Kodak could know the segment better. For example, the demographic of the segment would give Kodak a clear picture to maket Funtime film. Those price-sensitive consumers may be the high school students or college students. Kodak can run special events in summer vacation to interest them. Or they might be blue-collar status with certain level of income. There are so many ways to reach the segment closer and satisfy their needs deeper.
Mind that the sample papers like Eastman Kodak Company¡GFuntime Film presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
transsport workers union
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like transsport workers union even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like transsport workers union in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Tim Gillespie,President Local 51
Transport Workers Union of America,
AFL-CIO
In accordance with the constitution of the T.W.U. Article XIX section 1 we are charging Mr. Tony McCoy, and the entire Executive Board with a violation of the International constitution, Article XIX section 5 conduct unbecoming a member of the union.para,(a) Violation of any of the provisions of this constitution,
Mr, McCoy and the Executive Board had a duty under article XIX section to insure that the charges brought against Mr. Dedina were proper or improper , The charges submitted by Mr. Haussy were not signed they named the wrong union,and they were not exact in nature.
On or about August 11, 00 Mr. McCoy sent certified mail to Mr. Dedina a letter notifing Mr. Dedina that he had been charged by a member in good standing and that after close scrutiny they had determined that the charges were proper and valid.
We also charge under article XIX section 5 par,(g) Wilfully wronging a member of the International Union;
That Mr. McCoy and the Executive Board were derelict in they’re duties by not protecting Mr. Dedina’s rights under the constitution, They’re oath of office states “ to preform faithfully all the duties assigned to me to the best of my ability;”. There can be only one reason that they did not withdraw the charges, they are trained and experienced in these matters and obligated by they’re oath and the constitution to protect the rights of all the membership.
Fraternally
Local 51 Members
Mind that the sample papers like transsport workers union presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Tim Gillespie,President Local 51
Transport Workers Union of America,
AFL-CIO
In accordance with the constitution of the T.W.U. Article XIX section 1 we are charging Mr. Tony McCoy, and the entire Executive Board with a violation of the International constitution, Article XIX section 5 conduct unbecoming a member of the union.para,(a) Violation of any of the provisions of this constitution,
Mr, McCoy and the Executive Board had a duty under article XIX section to insure that the charges brought against Mr. Dedina were proper or improper , The charges submitted by Mr. Haussy were not signed they named the wrong union,and they were not exact in nature.
On or about August 11, 00 Mr. McCoy sent certified mail to Mr. Dedina a letter notifing Mr. Dedina that he had been charged by a member in good standing and that after close scrutiny they had determined that the charges were proper and valid.
We also charge under article XIX section 5 par,(g) Wilfully wronging a member of the International Union;
That Mr. McCoy and the Executive Board were derelict in they’re duties by not protecting Mr. Dedina’s rights under the constitution, They’re oath of office states “ to preform faithfully all the duties assigned to me to the best of my ability;”. There can be only one reason that they did not withdraw the charges, they are trained and experienced in these matters and obligated by they’re oath and the constitution to protect the rights of all the membership.
Fraternally
Local 51 Members
Mind that the sample papers like transsport workers union presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
how to be a good liar
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like how to be a good liar even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like how to be a good liar in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
How to Become a Successful Liar
Fact people lie about 0 per cent of the time in a social interaction that lasts more than 10 minutes, one study shows. Another expert says people lie five to eight times a day, and 5 per cent of those liars get caught out!
If you don’t want to be the one caught out, follow these rules.
First of all, always maintain eye contact. You know when mothers say ‘I know you’re lying because you’re not looking at me in my eyes.’ Next time you lie to your mother, look at her in the eyes, she asked for it.
Secondly, remember to blink a little when you’re looking at that person. People know that when you blink a lot, you’re telling a fib; and when you don’t blink at all, you’re definitely lying. The person you’re talking to might believe you if you just blink a little.
Try to cry or get very, very angry when you feel the other person doubts you, even the slightest doubt. Break something. Everyone believes someone that mad.
Always swear to God, or even better, a dead relative, like your mum or something. But remember, as this is crucial � cross your fingers while pledging your oath, and apologise to God/Mum/Dad/Grandma afterwards, other wise you’ll get severely punished � nightmares, beware!
Emphasise each word, e.g. ‘I � SWEAR � To � GOD/MUM/DAD/GRANDMA!!’
Don’t include every detail, but plan your lies carefully. When fibbing, pretend to forget what happened. For example, say you purposely tried to avoid this girl/guy and when she/he questions where you’ve been, say something like ‘Oh, I had so much things to do today! I went there and there, and then I went there and there to see so-and-so. Oh, no, sorry! I went THERE first!! Oh it was such a busy day!’ If a normal person was trying to tell a story, he/she will usually forget or make mistakes as they’re trying to remember the events. If you include every unnecessary detail, people will catch on your “load of bull” very quickly.
Always have a friend or two to back you up in the story. Always say ‘Ask so-and-so, if you don’t believe me. Go call him/her now before you say I called them up to lie to you for me.’ Friends will always back you up whether you’re lying or not.
And remember. Always stick to your lie NO MATTER WHAT!
Another important thing is try not to cover your mouth or scratch your nose or ears. When someone is being deceptive, it’s common for blood to rush to the face. Their nose and ears will get itchy, causing them to rub or scratch them unconsciously. By covering your mouth, you are trying to block the truth. Try not to fidget.
Last but not least � never, ever look to the right after you lie. Liars tend to direct their eyes down and to the right after they told their lies. So, just before you finish your bogus stories, remind yourself to look to the left, or just simply shut your eyes. Do not let the listener see you looking to the right. If you can’t help yourself, turn around before it’s too late. But then again, don’t turn around, they will know.
If you want to become one of the 5 per cent of successful liars, use the rules above, they will get you through without fail.
One last note, if you do get caught out, leave the state, or even the country, you will avoid all the humiliation.
Mind that the sample papers like how to be a good liar presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
How to Become a Successful Liar
Fact people lie about 0 per cent of the time in a social interaction that lasts more than 10 minutes, one study shows. Another expert says people lie five to eight times a day, and 5 per cent of those liars get caught out!
If you don’t want to be the one caught out, follow these rules.
First of all, always maintain eye contact. You know when mothers say ‘I know you’re lying because you’re not looking at me in my eyes.’ Next time you lie to your mother, look at her in the eyes, she asked for it.
Secondly, remember to blink a little when you’re looking at that person. People know that when you blink a lot, you’re telling a fib; and when you don’t blink at all, you’re definitely lying. The person you’re talking to might believe you if you just blink a little.
Try to cry or get very, very angry when you feel the other person doubts you, even the slightest doubt. Break something. Everyone believes someone that mad.
Always swear to God, or even better, a dead relative, like your mum or something. But remember, as this is crucial � cross your fingers while pledging your oath, and apologise to God/Mum/Dad/Grandma afterwards, other wise you’ll get severely punished � nightmares, beware!
Emphasise each word, e.g. ‘I � SWEAR � To � GOD/MUM/DAD/GRANDMA!!’
Don’t include every detail, but plan your lies carefully. When fibbing, pretend to forget what happened. For example, say you purposely tried to avoid this girl/guy and when she/he questions where you’ve been, say something like ‘Oh, I had so much things to do today! I went there and there, and then I went there and there to see so-and-so. Oh, no, sorry! I went THERE first!! Oh it was such a busy day!’ If a normal person was trying to tell a story, he/she will usually forget or make mistakes as they’re trying to remember the events. If you include every unnecessary detail, people will catch on your “load of bull” very quickly.
Always have a friend or two to back you up in the story. Always say ‘Ask so-and-so, if you don’t believe me. Go call him/her now before you say I called them up to lie to you for me.’ Friends will always back you up whether you’re lying or not.
And remember. Always stick to your lie NO MATTER WHAT!
Another important thing is try not to cover your mouth or scratch your nose or ears. When someone is being deceptive, it’s common for blood to rush to the face. Their nose and ears will get itchy, causing them to rub or scratch them unconsciously. By covering your mouth, you are trying to block the truth. Try not to fidget.
Last but not least � never, ever look to the right after you lie. Liars tend to direct their eyes down and to the right after they told their lies. So, just before you finish your bogus stories, remind yourself to look to the left, or just simply shut your eyes. Do not let the listener see you looking to the right. If you can’t help yourself, turn around before it’s too late. But then again, don’t turn around, they will know.
If you want to become one of the 5 per cent of successful liars, use the rules above, they will get you through without fail.
One last note, if you do get caught out, leave the state, or even the country, you will avoid all the humiliation.
Mind that the sample papers like how to be a good liar presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
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